diff --git a/api/controllers/console/feature.py b/api/controllers/console/feature.py
index 44d9d67522..8475cd8488 100644
--- a/api/controllers/console/feature.py
+++ b/api/controllers/console/feature.py
@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ class FeatureApi(Resource):
     @account_initialization_required
     @cloud_utm_record
     def get(self):
-        return FeatureService.get_features(current_user.current_tenant_id).dict()
+        return FeatureService.get_features(current_user.current_tenant_id).model_dump()
 
 
 class SystemFeatureApi(Resource):
     def get(self):
-        return FeatureService.get_system_features().dict()
+        return FeatureService.get_system_features().model_dump()
 
 
 api.add_resource(FeatureApi, '/features')
diff --git a/api/controllers/web/feature.py b/api/controllers/web/feature.py
index 65842d78c6..69b38faaf6 100644
--- a/api/controllers/web/feature.py
+++ b/api/controllers/web/feature.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from services.feature_service import FeatureService
 
 class SystemFeatureApi(Resource):
     def get(self):
-        return FeatureService.get_system_features().dict()
+        return FeatureService.get_system_features().model_dump()
 
 
 api.add_resource(SystemFeatureApi, '/system-features')
diff --git a/api/core/agent/cot_agent_runner.py b/api/core/agent/cot_agent_runner.py
index 40cfb20d0b..141ba2c252 100644
--- a/api/core/agent/cot_agent_runner.py
+++ b/api/core/agent/cot_agent_runner.py
@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ class CotAgentRunner(BaseAgentRunner, ABC):
         self._init_react_state(query)
 
         # check model mode
-        if 'Observation' not in app_generate_entity.model_config.stop:
-            if app_generate_entity.model_config.provider not in self._ignore_observation_providers:
-                app_generate_entity.model_config.stop.append('Observation')
+        if 'Observation' not in app_generate_entity.model_conf.stop:
+            if app_generate_entity.model_conf.provider not in self._ignore_observation_providers:
+                app_generate_entity.model_conf.stop.append('Observation')
 
         app_config = self.app_config
 
@@ -109,9 +109,9 @@ class CotAgentRunner(BaseAgentRunner, ABC):
             # invoke model
             chunks: Generator[LLMResultChunk, None, None] = model_instance.invoke_llm(
                 prompt_messages=prompt_messages,
-                model_parameters=app_generate_entity.model_config.parameters,
+                model_parameters=app_generate_entity.model_conf.parameters,
                 tools=[],
-                stop=app_generate_entity.model_config.stop,
+                stop=app_generate_entity.model_conf.stop,
                 stream=True,
                 user=self.user_id,
                 callbacks=[],
@@ -141,8 +141,8 @@ class CotAgentRunner(BaseAgentRunner, ABC):
                 if isinstance(chunk, AgentScratchpadUnit.Action):
                     action = chunk
                     # detect action
-                    scratchpad.agent_response += json.dumps(chunk.dict())
-                    scratchpad.action_str = json.dumps(chunk.dict())
+                    scratchpad.agent_response += json.dumps(chunk.model_dump())
+                    scratchpad.action_str = json.dumps(chunk.model_dump())
                     scratchpad.action = action
                 else:
                     scratchpad.agent_response += chunk
diff --git a/api/core/agent/fc_agent_runner.py b/api/core/agent/fc_agent_runner.py
index d416a319a4..d7b063eb92 100644
--- a/api/core/agent/fc_agent_runner.py
+++ b/api/core/agent/fc_agent_runner.py
@@ -84,9 +84,9 @@ class FunctionCallAgentRunner(BaseAgentRunner):
             # invoke model
             chunks: Union[Generator[LLMResultChunk, None, None], LLMResult] = model_instance.invoke_llm(
                 prompt_messages=prompt_messages,
-                model_parameters=app_generate_entity.model_config.parameters,
+                model_parameters=app_generate_entity.model_conf.parameters,
                 tools=prompt_messages_tools,
-                stop=app_generate_entity.model_config.stop,
+                stop=app_generate_entity.model_conf.stop,
                 stream=self.stream_tool_call,
                 user=self.user_id,
                 callbacks=[],
diff --git a/api/core/app/apps/agent_chat/app_runner.py b/api/core/app/apps/agent_chat/app_runner.py
index dfa5d4591b..d6367300de 100644
--- a/api/core/app/apps/agent_chat/app_runner.py
+++ b/api/core/app/apps/agent_chat/app_runner.py
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class AgentChatAppRunner(AppRunner):
         # Not Include: memory, external data, dataset context
         self.get_pre_calculate_rest_tokens(
             app_record=app_record,
-            model_config=application_generate_entity.model_config,
+            model_config=application_generate_entity.model_conf,
             prompt_template_entity=app_config.prompt_template,
             inputs=inputs,
             files=files,
@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ class AgentChatAppRunner(AppRunner):
         if application_generate_entity.conversation_id:
             # get memory of conversation (read-only)
             model_instance = ModelInstance(
-                provider_model_bundle=application_generate_entity.model_config.provider_model_bundle,
-                model=application_generate_entity.model_config.model
+                provider_model_bundle=application_generate_entity.model_conf.provider_model_bundle,
+                model=application_generate_entity.model_conf.model
             )
 
             memory = TokenBufferMemory(
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class AgentChatAppRunner(AppRunner):
         #          memory(optional)
         prompt_messages, _ = self.organize_prompt_messages(
             app_record=app_record,
-            model_config=application_generate_entity.model_config,
+            model_config=application_generate_entity.model_conf,
             prompt_template_entity=app_config.prompt_template,
             inputs=inputs,
             files=files,
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ class AgentChatAppRunner(AppRunner):
         #          memory(optional), external data, dataset context(optional)
         prompt_messages, _ = self.organize_prompt_messages(
             app_record=app_record,
-            model_config=application_generate_entity.model_config,
+            model_config=application_generate_entity.model_conf,
             prompt_template_entity=app_config.prompt_template,
             inputs=inputs,
             files=files,
@@ -182,12 +182,12 @@ class AgentChatAppRunner(AppRunner):
 
         # init model instance
         model_instance = ModelInstance(
-            provider_model_bundle=application_generate_entity.model_config.provider_model_bundle,
-            model=application_generate_entity.model_config.model
+            provider_model_bundle=application_generate_entity.model_conf.provider_model_bundle,
+            model=application_generate_entity.model_conf.model
         )
         prompt_message, _ = self.organize_prompt_messages(
             app_record=app_record,
-            model_config=application_generate_entity.model_config,
+            model_config=application_generate_entity.model_conf,
             prompt_template_entity=app_config.prompt_template,
             inputs=inputs,
             files=files,
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ class AgentChatAppRunner(AppRunner):
             application_generate_entity=application_generate_entity,
             conversation=conversation,
             app_config=app_config,
-            model_config=application_generate_entity.model_config,
+            model_config=application_generate_entity.model_conf,
             config=agent_entity,
             queue_manager=queue_manager,
             message=message,
diff --git a/api/core/app/apps/base_app_queue_manager.py b/api/core/app/apps/base_app_queue_manager.py
index eff07cc071..b5c49d65c2 100644
--- a/api/core/app/apps/base_app_queue_manager.py
+++ b/api/core/app/apps/base_app_queue_manager.py
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class AppQueueManager:
         :param pub_from:
         :return:
         """
-        self._check_for_sqlalchemy_models(event.dict())
+        self._check_for_sqlalchemy_models(event.model_dump())
         self._publish(event, pub_from)
 
     @abstractmethod
diff --git a/api/core/app/apps/base_app_runner.py b/api/core/app/apps/base_app_runner.py
index 545463c8bd..53f457cb11 100644
--- a/api/core/app/apps/base_app_runner.py
+++ b/api/core/app/apps/base_app_runner.py
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ class AppRunner:
             index = 0
             for token in text:
                 chunk = LLMResultChunk(
-                    model=app_generate_entity.model_config.model,
+                    model=app_generate_entity.model_conf.model,
                     prompt_messages=prompt_messages,
                     delta=LLMResultChunkDelta(
                         index=index,
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ class AppRunner:
         queue_manager.publish(
             QueueMessageEndEvent(
                 llm_result=LLMResult(
-                    model=app_generate_entity.model_config.model,
+                    model=app_generate_entity.model_conf.model,
                     prompt_messages=prompt_messages,
                     message=AssistantPromptMessage(content=text),
                     usage=usage if usage else LLMUsage.empty_usage()
diff --git a/api/core/app/apps/chat/app_runner.py b/api/core/app/apps/chat/app_runner.py
index ba2095076f..7d243d0726 100644
--- a/api/core/app/apps/chat/app_runner.py
+++ b/api/core/app/apps/chat/app_runner.py
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class ChatAppRunner(AppRunner):
         # Not Include: memory, external data, dataset context
         self.get_pre_calculate_rest_tokens(
             app_record=app_record,
-            model_config=application_generate_entity.model_config,
+            model_config=application_generate_entity.model_conf,
             prompt_template_entity=app_config.prompt_template,
             inputs=inputs,
             files=files,
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ class ChatAppRunner(AppRunner):
         if application_generate_entity.conversation_id:
             # get memory of conversation (read-only)
             model_instance = ModelInstance(
-                provider_model_bundle=application_generate_entity.model_config.provider_model_bundle,
-                model=application_generate_entity.model_config.model
+                provider_model_bundle=application_generate_entity.model_conf.provider_model_bundle,
+                model=application_generate_entity.model_conf.model
             )
 
             memory = TokenBufferMemory(
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class ChatAppRunner(AppRunner):
         #          memory(optional)
         prompt_messages, stop = self.organize_prompt_messages(
             app_record=app_record,
-            model_config=application_generate_entity.model_config,
+            model_config=application_generate_entity.model_conf,
             prompt_template_entity=app_config.prompt_template,
             inputs=inputs,
             files=files,
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ class ChatAppRunner(AppRunner):
                 app_id=app_record.id,
                 user_id=application_generate_entity.user_id,
                 tenant_id=app_record.tenant_id,
-                model_config=application_generate_entity.model_config,
+                model_config=application_generate_entity.model_conf,
                 config=app_config.dataset,
                 query=query,
                 invoke_from=application_generate_entity.invoke_from,
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ class ChatAppRunner(AppRunner):
         #          memory(optional), external data, dataset context(optional)
         prompt_messages, stop = self.organize_prompt_messages(
             app_record=app_record,
-            model_config=application_generate_entity.model_config,
+            model_config=application_generate_entity.model_conf,
             prompt_template_entity=app_config.prompt_template,
             inputs=inputs,
             files=files,
@@ -194,21 +194,21 @@ class ChatAppRunner(AppRunner):
 
         # Re-calculate the max tokens if sum(prompt_token +  max_tokens) over model token limit
         self.recalc_llm_max_tokens(
-            model_config=application_generate_entity.model_config,
+            model_config=application_generate_entity.model_conf,
             prompt_messages=prompt_messages
         )
 
         # Invoke model
         model_instance = ModelInstance(
-            provider_model_bundle=application_generate_entity.model_config.provider_model_bundle,
-            model=application_generate_entity.model_config.model
+            provider_model_bundle=application_generate_entity.model_conf.provider_model_bundle,
+            model=application_generate_entity.model_conf.model
         )
 
         db.session.close()
 
         invoke_result = model_instance.invoke_llm(
             prompt_messages=prompt_messages,
-            model_parameters=application_generate_entity.model_config.parameters,
+            model_parameters=application_generate_entity.model_conf.parameters,
             stop=stop,
             stream=application_generate_entity.stream,
             user=application_generate_entity.user_id,
diff --git a/api/core/app/apps/completion/app_runner.py b/api/core/app/apps/completion/app_runner.py
index 40102f8999..a3a9945bc0 100644
--- a/api/core/app/apps/completion/app_runner.py
+++ b/api/core/app/apps/completion/app_runner.py
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class CompletionAppRunner(AppRunner):
         # Not Include: memory, external data, dataset context
         self.get_pre_calculate_rest_tokens(
             app_record=app_record,
-            model_config=application_generate_entity.model_config,
+            model_config=application_generate_entity.model_conf,
             prompt_template_entity=app_config.prompt_template,
             inputs=inputs,
             files=files,
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class CompletionAppRunner(AppRunner):
         # Include: prompt template, inputs, query(optional), files(optional)
         prompt_messages, stop = self.organize_prompt_messages(
             app_record=app_record,
-            model_config=application_generate_entity.model_config,
+            model_config=application_generate_entity.model_conf,
             prompt_template_entity=app_config.prompt_template,
             inputs=inputs,
             files=files,
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ class CompletionAppRunner(AppRunner):
                 app_id=app_record.id,
                 user_id=application_generate_entity.user_id,
                 tenant_id=app_record.tenant_id,
-                model_config=application_generate_entity.model_config,
+                model_config=application_generate_entity.model_conf,
                 config=dataset_config,
                 query=query,
                 invoke_from=application_generate_entity.invoke_from,
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class CompletionAppRunner(AppRunner):
         #          memory(optional), external data, dataset context(optional)
         prompt_messages, stop = self.organize_prompt_messages(
             app_record=app_record,
-            model_config=application_generate_entity.model_config,
+            model_config=application_generate_entity.model_conf,
             prompt_template_entity=app_config.prompt_template,
             inputs=inputs,
             files=files,
@@ -152,21 +152,21 @@ class CompletionAppRunner(AppRunner):
 
         # Re-calculate the max tokens if sum(prompt_token +  max_tokens) over model token limit
         self.recalc_llm_max_tokens(
-            model_config=application_generate_entity.model_config,
+            model_config=application_generate_entity.model_conf,
             prompt_messages=prompt_messages
         )
 
         # Invoke model
         model_instance = ModelInstance(
-            provider_model_bundle=application_generate_entity.model_config.provider_model_bundle,
-            model=application_generate_entity.model_config.model
+            provider_model_bundle=application_generate_entity.model_conf.provider_model_bundle,
+            model=application_generate_entity.model_conf.model
         )
 
         db.session.close()
 
         invoke_result = model_instance.invoke_llm(
             prompt_messages=prompt_messages,
-            model_parameters=application_generate_entity.model_config.parameters,
+            model_parameters=application_generate_entity.model_conf.parameters,
             stop=stop,
             stream=application_generate_entity.stream,
             user=application_generate_entity.user_id,
diff --git a/api/core/app/apps/message_based_app_generator.py b/api/core/app/apps/message_based_app_generator.py
index c70c5a97ae..6acf5da8df 100644
--- a/api/core/app/apps/message_based_app_generator.py
+++ b/api/core/app/apps/message_based_app_generator.py
@@ -158,8 +158,8 @@ class MessageBasedAppGenerator(BaseAppGenerator):
             model_id = None
         else:
             app_model_config_id = app_config.app_model_config_id
-            model_provider = application_generate_entity.model_config.provider
-            model_id = application_generate_entity.model_config.model
+            model_provider = application_generate_entity.model_conf.provider
+            model_id = application_generate_entity.model_conf.model
             override_model_configs = None
             if app_config.app_model_config_from == EasyUIBasedAppModelConfigFrom.ARGS \
                     and app_config.app_mode in [AppMode.AGENT_CHAT, AppMode.CHAT, AppMode.COMPLETION]:
diff --git a/api/core/app/entities/app_invoke_entities.py b/api/core/app/entities/app_invoke_entities.py
index cc63fa4684..f27a110870 100644
--- a/api/core/app/entities/app_invoke_entities.py
+++ b/api/core/app/entities/app_invoke_entities.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from enum import Enum
 from typing import Any, Optional
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
 
 from core.app.app_config.entities import AppConfig, EasyUIBasedAppConfig, WorkflowUIBasedAppConfig
 from core.entities.provider_configuration import ProviderModelBundle
@@ -62,6 +62,9 @@ class ModelConfigWithCredentialsEntity(BaseModel):
     parameters: dict[str, Any] = {}
     stop: list[str] = []
 
+    # pydantic configs
+    model_config = ConfigDict(protected_namespaces=())
+
 
 class AppGenerateEntity(BaseModel):
     """
@@ -93,10 +96,13 @@ class EasyUIBasedAppGenerateEntity(AppGenerateEntity):
     """
     # app config
     app_config: EasyUIBasedAppConfig
-    model_config: ModelConfigWithCredentialsEntity
+    model_conf: ModelConfigWithCredentialsEntity
 
     query: Optional[str] = None
 
+    # pydantic configs
+    model_config = ConfigDict(protected_namespaces=())
+
 
 class ChatAppGenerateEntity(EasyUIBasedAppGenerateEntity):
     """
diff --git a/api/core/app/entities/queue_entities.py b/api/core/app/entities/queue_entities.py
index 47fa2ac19d..b7e8a3a73e 100644
--- a/api/core/app/entities/queue_entities.py
+++ b/api/core/app/entities/queue_entities.py
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 from enum import Enum
 from typing import Any, Optional
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel, validator
+from pydantic import BaseModel, field_validator
 
 from core.model_runtime.entities.llm_entities import LLMResult, LLMResultChunk
 from core.workflow.entities.base_node_data_entities import BaseNodeData
 from core.workflow.entities.node_entities import NodeType
 
 
-class QueueEvent(Enum):
+class QueueEvent(str, Enum):
     """
     QueueEvent enum
     """
@@ -47,14 +47,14 @@ class QueueLLMChunkEvent(AppQueueEvent):
     """
     QueueLLMChunkEvent entity
     """
-    event = QueueEvent.LLM_CHUNK
+    event: QueueEvent = QueueEvent.LLM_CHUNK
     chunk: LLMResultChunk
 
 class QueueIterationStartEvent(AppQueueEvent):
     """
     QueueIterationStartEvent entity
     """
-    event = QueueEvent.ITERATION_START
+    event: QueueEvent = QueueEvent.ITERATION_START
     node_id: str
     node_type: NodeType
     node_data: BaseNodeData
@@ -68,16 +68,17 @@ class QueueIterationNextEvent(AppQueueEvent):
     """
     QueueIterationNextEvent entity
     """
-    event = QueueEvent.ITERATION_NEXT
+    event: QueueEvent = QueueEvent.ITERATION_NEXT
 
     index: int
     node_id: str
     node_type: NodeType
 
     node_run_index: int
-    output: Optional[Any] # output for the current iteration
+    output: Optional[Any] = None # output for the current iteration
 
-    @validator('output', pre=True, always=True)
+    @classmethod
+    @field_validator('output', mode='before')
     def set_output(cls, v):
         """
         Set output
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ class QueueIterationCompletedEvent(AppQueueEvent):
     """
     QueueIterationCompletedEvent entity
     """
-    event = QueueEvent.ITERATION_COMPLETED
+    event:QueueEvent = QueueEvent.ITERATION_COMPLETED
 
     node_id: str
     node_type: NodeType
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ class QueueTextChunkEvent(AppQueueEvent):
     """
     QueueTextChunkEvent entity
     """
-    event = QueueEvent.TEXT_CHUNK
+    event: QueueEvent = QueueEvent.TEXT_CHUNK
     text: str
     metadata: Optional[dict] = None
 
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ class QueueAgentMessageEvent(AppQueueEvent):
     """
     QueueMessageEvent entity
     """
-    event = QueueEvent.AGENT_MESSAGE
+    event: QueueEvent = QueueEvent.AGENT_MESSAGE
     chunk: LLMResultChunk
 
     
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ class QueueMessageReplaceEvent(AppQueueEvent):
     """
     QueueMessageReplaceEvent entity
     """
-    event = QueueEvent.MESSAGE_REPLACE
+    event: QueueEvent = QueueEvent.MESSAGE_REPLACE
     text: str
 
 
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ class QueueRetrieverResourcesEvent(AppQueueEvent):
     """
     QueueRetrieverResourcesEvent entity
     """
-    event = QueueEvent.RETRIEVER_RESOURCES
+    event: QueueEvent = QueueEvent.RETRIEVER_RESOURCES
     retriever_resources: list[dict]
 
 
@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ class QueueAnnotationReplyEvent(AppQueueEvent):
     """
     QueueAnnotationReplyEvent entity
     """
-    event = QueueEvent.ANNOTATION_REPLY
+    event: QueueEvent = QueueEvent.ANNOTATION_REPLY
     message_annotation_id: str
 
 
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ class QueueMessageEndEvent(AppQueueEvent):
     """
     QueueMessageEndEvent entity
     """
-    event = QueueEvent.MESSAGE_END
+    event: QueueEvent = QueueEvent.MESSAGE_END
     llm_result: Optional[LLMResult] = None
 
 
@@ -153,28 +154,28 @@ class QueueAdvancedChatMessageEndEvent(AppQueueEvent):
     """
     QueueAdvancedChatMessageEndEvent entity
     """
-    event = QueueEvent.ADVANCED_CHAT_MESSAGE_END
+    event: QueueEvent = QueueEvent.ADVANCED_CHAT_MESSAGE_END
 
 
 class QueueWorkflowStartedEvent(AppQueueEvent):
     """
     QueueWorkflowStartedEvent entity
     """
-    event = QueueEvent.WORKFLOW_STARTED
+    event: QueueEvent = QueueEvent.WORKFLOW_STARTED
 
 
 class QueueWorkflowSucceededEvent(AppQueueEvent):
     """
     QueueWorkflowSucceededEvent entity
     """
-    event = QueueEvent.WORKFLOW_SUCCEEDED
+    event: QueueEvent = QueueEvent.WORKFLOW_SUCCEEDED
 
 
 class QueueWorkflowFailedEvent(AppQueueEvent):
     """
     QueueWorkflowFailedEvent entity
     """
-    event = QueueEvent.WORKFLOW_FAILED
+    event: QueueEvent = QueueEvent.WORKFLOW_FAILED
     error: str
 
 
@@ -182,7 +183,7 @@ class QueueNodeStartedEvent(AppQueueEvent):
     """
     QueueNodeStartedEvent entity
     """
-    event = QueueEvent.NODE_STARTED
+    event: QueueEvent = QueueEvent.NODE_STARTED
 
     node_id: str
     node_type: NodeType
@@ -195,7 +196,7 @@ class QueueNodeSucceededEvent(AppQueueEvent):
     """
     QueueNodeSucceededEvent entity
     """
-    event = QueueEvent.NODE_SUCCEEDED
+    event: QueueEvent = QueueEvent.NODE_SUCCEEDED
 
     node_id: str
     node_type: NodeType
@@ -213,7 +214,7 @@ class QueueNodeFailedEvent(AppQueueEvent):
     """
     QueueNodeFailedEvent entity
     """
-    event = QueueEvent.NODE_FAILED
+    event: QueueEvent = QueueEvent.NODE_FAILED
 
     node_id: str
     node_type: NodeType
@@ -230,7 +231,7 @@ class QueueAgentThoughtEvent(AppQueueEvent):
     """
     QueueAgentThoughtEvent entity
     """
-    event = QueueEvent.AGENT_THOUGHT
+    event: QueueEvent = QueueEvent.AGENT_THOUGHT
     agent_thought_id: str
 
 
@@ -238,7 +239,7 @@ class QueueMessageFileEvent(AppQueueEvent):
     """
     QueueAgentThoughtEvent entity
     """
-    event = QueueEvent.MESSAGE_FILE
+    event: QueueEvent = QueueEvent.MESSAGE_FILE
     message_file_id: str
 
 
@@ -246,15 +247,15 @@ class QueueErrorEvent(AppQueueEvent):
     """
     QueueErrorEvent entity
     """
-    event = QueueEvent.ERROR
-    error: Any
+    event: QueueEvent = QueueEvent.ERROR
+    error: Any = None
 
 
 class QueuePingEvent(AppQueueEvent):
     """
     QueuePingEvent entity
     """
-    event = QueueEvent.PING
+    event: QueueEvent = QueueEvent.PING
 
 
 class QueueStopEvent(AppQueueEvent):
@@ -270,7 +271,7 @@ class QueueStopEvent(AppQueueEvent):
         OUTPUT_MODERATION = "output-moderation"
         INPUT_MODERATION = "input-moderation"
 
-    event = QueueEvent.STOP
+    event: QueueEvent = QueueEvent.STOP
     stopped_by: StopBy
 
 
diff --git a/api/core/app/entities/task_entities.py b/api/core/app/entities/task_entities.py
index 5956bc35fa..cb023ae9fe 100644
--- a/api/core/app/entities/task_entities.py
+++ b/api/core/app/entities/task_entities.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from enum import Enum
 from typing import Any, Optional
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
 
 from core.model_runtime.entities.llm_entities import LLMResult, LLMUsage
 from core.model_runtime.utils.encoders import jsonable_encoder
@@ -118,9 +118,7 @@ class ErrorStreamResponse(StreamResponse):
     """
     event: StreamEvent = StreamEvent.ERROR
     err: Exception
-
-    class Config:
-        arbitrary_types_allowed = True
+    model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
 
 
 class MessageStreamResponse(StreamResponse):
@@ -360,7 +358,7 @@ class IterationNodeNextStreamResponse(StreamResponse):
         title: str
         index: int
         created_at: int
-        pre_iteration_output: Optional[Any]
+        pre_iteration_output: Optional[Any] = None
         extras: dict = {}
 
     event: StreamEvent = StreamEvent.ITERATION_NEXT
@@ -379,12 +377,12 @@ class IterationNodeCompletedStreamResponse(StreamResponse):
         node_id: str
         node_type: str
         title: str
-        outputs: Optional[dict]
+        outputs: Optional[dict] = None
         created_at: int
         extras: dict = None
         inputs: dict = None
         status: WorkflowNodeExecutionStatus
-        error: Optional[str]
+        error: Optional[str] = None
         elapsed_time: float
         total_tokens: int
         finished_at: int
diff --git a/api/core/app/features/hosting_moderation/hosting_moderation.py b/api/core/app/features/hosting_moderation/hosting_moderation.py
index ec316248a2..b8f3e0e1f6 100644
--- a/api/core/app/features/hosting_moderation/hosting_moderation.py
+++ b/api/core/app/features/hosting_moderation/hosting_moderation.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class HostingModerationFeature:
         :param prompt_messages: prompt messages
         :return:
         """
-        model_config = application_generate_entity.model_config
+        model_config = application_generate_entity.model_conf
 
         text = ""
         for prompt_message in prompt_messages:
diff --git a/api/core/app/task_pipeline/easy_ui_based_generate_task_pipeline.py b/api/core/app/task_pipeline/easy_ui_based_generate_task_pipeline.py
index f71470edb2..ccb684d84b 100644
--- a/api/core/app/task_pipeline/easy_ui_based_generate_task_pipeline.py
+++ b/api/core/app/task_pipeline/easy_ui_based_generate_task_pipeline.py
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class EasyUIBasedGenerateTaskPipeline(BasedGenerateTaskPipeline, MessageCycleMan
         :param stream: stream
         """
         super().__init__(application_generate_entity, queue_manager, user, stream)
-        self._model_config = application_generate_entity.model_config
+        self._model_config = application_generate_entity.model_conf
         self._conversation = conversation
         self._message = message
 
diff --git a/api/core/callback_handler/agent_tool_callback_handler.py b/api/core/callback_handler/agent_tool_callback_handler.py
index af9db39890..ac5076cd01 100644
--- a/api/core/callback_handler/agent_tool_callback_handler.py
+++ b/api/core/callback_handler/agent_tool_callback_handler.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ def print_text(
 class DifyAgentCallbackHandler(BaseModel):
     """Callback Handler that prints to std out."""
     color: Optional[str] = ''
-    current_loop = 1
+    current_loop: int = 1
 
     def __init__(self, color: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         super().__init__()
diff --git a/api/core/entities/message_entities.py b/api/core/entities/message_entities.py
index b9406e24c4..370aeee463 100644
--- a/api/core/entities/message_entities.py
+++ b/api/core/entities/message_entities.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class PromptMessageFileType(enum.Enum):
 
 class PromptMessageFile(BaseModel):
     type: PromptMessageFileType
-    data: Any
+    data: Any = None
 
 
 class ImagePromptMessageFile(PromptMessageFile):
diff --git a/api/core/entities/model_entities.py b/api/core/entities/model_entities.py
index 9a797c1c95..22a21ecf93 100644
--- a/api/core/entities/model_entities.py
+++ b/api/core/entities/model_entities.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from enum import Enum
 from typing import Optional
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
 
 from core.model_runtime.entities.common_entities import I18nObject
 from core.model_runtime.entities.model_entities import ModelType, ProviderModel
@@ -77,3 +77,6 @@ class DefaultModelEntity(BaseModel):
     model: str
     model_type: ModelType
     provider: DefaultModelProviderEntity
+
+    # pydantic configs
+    model_config = ConfigDict(protected_namespaces=())
diff --git a/api/core/entities/provider_configuration.py b/api/core/entities/provider_configuration.py
index ec1b2d0d48..397409622e 100644
--- a/api/core/entities/provider_configuration.py
+++ b/api/core/entities/provider_configuration.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from collections.abc import Iterator
 from json import JSONDecodeError
 from typing import Optional
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
 
 from core.entities.model_entities import ModelStatus, ModelWithProviderEntity, SimpleModelProviderEntity
 from core.entities.provider_entities import (
@@ -54,6 +54,9 @@ class ProviderConfiguration(BaseModel):
     custom_configuration: CustomConfiguration
     model_settings: list[ModelSettings]
 
+    # pydantic configs
+    model_config = ConfigDict(protected_namespaces=())
+
     def __init__(self, **data):
         super().__init__(**data)
 
@@ -1019,7 +1022,6 @@ class ProviderModelBundle(BaseModel):
     provider_instance: ModelProvider
     model_type_instance: AIModel
 
-    class Config:
-        """Configuration for this pydantic object."""
-
-        arbitrary_types_allowed = True
+    # pydantic configs
+    model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True,
+                              protected_namespaces=())
diff --git a/api/core/entities/provider_entities.py b/api/core/entities/provider_entities.py
index 1eaa6ea02c..23f0b9cb3b 100644
--- a/api/core/entities/provider_entities.py
+++ b/api/core/entities/provider_entities.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from enum import Enum
 from typing import Optional
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
 
 from core.model_runtime.entities.model_entities import ModelType
 from models.provider import ProviderQuotaType
@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ class RestrictModel(BaseModel):
     base_model_name: Optional[str] = None
     model_type: ModelType
 
+    # pydantic configs
+    model_config = ConfigDict(protected_namespaces=())
+
 
 class QuotaConfiguration(BaseModel):
     """
@@ -65,6 +68,9 @@ class CustomModelConfiguration(BaseModel):
     model_type: ModelType
     credentials: dict
 
+    # pydantic configs
+    model_config = ConfigDict(protected_namespaces=())
+
 
 class CustomConfiguration(BaseModel):
     """
diff --git a/api/core/extension/extensible.py b/api/core/extension/extensible.py
index 3a37c6492e..b106542564 100644
--- a/api/core/extension/extensible.py
+++ b/api/core/extension/extensible.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class ExtensionModule(enum.Enum):
 
 
 class ModuleExtension(BaseModel):
-    extension_class: Any
+    extension_class: Any = None
     name: str
     label: Optional[dict] = None
     form_schema: Optional[list] = None
diff --git a/api/core/helper/code_executor/code_executor.py b/api/core/helper/code_executor/code_executor.py
index 37573c88ce..c1874ed641 100644
--- a/api/core/helper/code_executor/code_executor.py
+++ b/api/core/helper/code_executor/code_executor.py
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ class CodeExecutionException(Exception):
 
 class CodeExecutionResponse(BaseModel):
     class Data(BaseModel):
-        stdout: Optional[str]
-        error: Optional[str]
+        stdout: Optional[str] = None
+        error: Optional[str] = None
 
     code: int
     message: str
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class CodeExecutor:
         }
 
         if dependencies:
-            data['dependencies'] = [dependency.dict() for dependency in dependencies]
+            data['dependencies'] = [dependency.model_dump() for dependency in dependencies]
 
         try:
             response = post(str(url), json=data, headers=headers, timeout=CODE_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT)
diff --git a/api/core/helper/code_executor/code_node_provider.py b/api/core/helper/code_executor/code_node_provider.py
index b76e15eeab..761c0e2b25 100644
--- a/api/core/helper/code_executor/code_node_provider.py
+++ b/api/core/helper/code_executor/code_node_provider.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class CodeNodeProvider(BaseModel):
 
     @classmethod
     def get_default_available_packages(cls) -> list[dict]:
-        return [p.dict() for p in CodeExecutor.list_dependencies(cls.get_language())]
+        return [p.model_dump() for p in CodeExecutor.list_dependencies(cls.get_language())]
 
     @classmethod
     def get_default_config(cls) -> dict:
diff --git a/api/core/helper/code_executor/template_transformer.py b/api/core/helper/code_executor/template_transformer.py
index 39af803f6e..da7ef469d9 100644
--- a/api/core/helper/code_executor/template_transformer.py
+++ b/api/core/helper/code_executor/template_transformer.py
@@ -4,12 +4,10 @@ from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from base64 import b64encode
 from typing import Optional
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel
-
 from core.helper.code_executor.entities import CodeDependency
 
 
-class TemplateTransformer(ABC, BaseModel):
+class TemplateTransformer(ABC):
     _code_placeholder: str = '{{code}}'
     _inputs_placeholder: str = '{{inputs}}'
     _result_tag: str = '<<RESULT>>'
diff --git a/api/core/indexing_runner.py b/api/core/indexing_runner.py
index 7fa1d7d4b9..f2fb377143 100644
--- a/api/core/indexing_runner.py
+++ b/api/core/indexing_runner.py
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ class IndexingRunner:
                 document_qa_list = self.format_split_text(response)
                 qa_documents = []
                 for result in document_qa_list:
-                    qa_document = Document(page_content=result['question'], metadata=document_node.metadata.copy())
+                    qa_document = Document(page_content=result['question'], metadata=document_node.metadata.model_copy())
                     doc_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
                     hash = helper.generate_text_hash(result['question'])
                     qa_document.metadata['answer'] = result['answer']
diff --git a/api/core/model_runtime/entities/message_entities.py b/api/core/model_runtime/entities/message_entities.py
index 823c217c09..2d32ce85c0 100644
--- a/api/core/model_runtime/entities/message_entities.py
+++ b/api/core/model_runtime/entities/message_entities.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from abc import ABC
 from enum import Enum
 from typing import Optional
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic import BaseModel, field_validator
 
 
 class PromptMessageRole(Enum):
@@ -123,6 +123,13 @@ class AssistantPromptMessage(PromptMessage):
         type: str
         function: ToolCallFunction
 
+        @field_validator('id', mode='before')
+        def transform_id_to_str(cls, value) -> str:
+            if not isinstance(value, str):
+                return str(value)
+            else:
+                return value
+
     role: PromptMessageRole = PromptMessageRole.ASSISTANT
     tool_calls: list[ToolCall] = []
 
diff --git a/api/core/model_runtime/entities/model_entities.py b/api/core/model_runtime/entities/model_entities.py
index 7dfd811b4f..3d471787bb 100644
--- a/api/core/model_runtime/entities/model_entities.py
+++ b/api/core/model_runtime/entities/model_entities.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from decimal import Decimal
 from enum import Enum
 from typing import Any, Optional
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
 
 from core.model_runtime.entities.common_entities import I18nObject
 
@@ -148,9 +148,7 @@ class ProviderModel(BaseModel):
     fetch_from: FetchFrom
     model_properties: dict[ModelPropertyKey, Any]
     deprecated: bool = False
-
-    class Config:
-        protected_namespaces = ()
+    model_config = ConfigDict(protected_namespaces=())
 
 
 class ParameterRule(BaseModel):
diff --git a/api/core/model_runtime/entities/provider_entities.py b/api/core/model_runtime/entities/provider_entities.py
index acc453bb84..f0a3997204 100644
--- a/api/core/model_runtime/entities/provider_entities.py
+++ b/api/core/model_runtime/entities/provider_entities.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from enum import Enum
 from typing import Optional
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
 
 from core.model_runtime.entities.common_entities import I18nObject
 from core.model_runtime.entities.model_entities import AIModelEntity, ModelType, ProviderModel
@@ -122,8 +122,8 @@ class ProviderEntity(BaseModel):
     provider_credential_schema: Optional[ProviderCredentialSchema] = None
     model_credential_schema: Optional[ModelCredentialSchema] = None
 
-    class Config:
-        protected_namespaces = ()
+    # pydantic configs
+    model_config = ConfigDict(protected_namespaces=())
 
     def to_simple_provider(self) -> SimpleProviderEntity:
         """
diff --git a/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/ai_model.py b/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/ai_model.py
index 919e72554c..83cfffa611 100644
--- a/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/ai_model.py
+++ b/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/ai_model.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import os
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from typing import Optional
 
+from pydantic import ConfigDict
+
 from core.helper.position_helper import get_position_map, sort_by_position_map
 from core.model_runtime.entities.common_entities import I18nObject
 from core.model_runtime.entities.defaults import PARAMETER_RULE_TEMPLATE
@@ -28,6 +30,9 @@ class AIModel(ABC):
     model_schemas: list[AIModelEntity] = None
     started_at: float = 0
 
+    # pydantic configs
+    model_config = ConfigDict(protected_namespaces=())
+
     @abstractmethod
     def validate_credentials(self, model: str, credentials: dict) -> None:
         """
diff --git a/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/large_language_model.py b/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/large_language_model.py
index 40bde38565..f148625954 100644
--- a/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/large_language_model.py
+++ b/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/large_language_model.py
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ from abc import abstractmethod
 from collections.abc import Generator
 from typing import Optional, Union
 
+from pydantic import ConfigDict
+
 from core.model_runtime.callbacks.base_callback import Callback
 from core.model_runtime.callbacks.logging_callback import LoggingCallback
 from core.model_runtime.entities.llm_entities import LLMMode, LLMResult, LLMResultChunk, LLMResultChunkDelta, LLMUsage
@@ -34,6 +36,9 @@ class LargeLanguageModel(AIModel):
     """
     model_type: ModelType = ModelType.LLM
 
+    # pydantic configs
+    model_config = ConfigDict(protected_namespaces=())
+
     def invoke(self, model: str, credentials: dict,
                prompt_messages: list[PromptMessage], model_parameters: Optional[dict] = None,
                tools: Optional[list[PromptMessageTool]] = None, stop: Optional[list[str]] = None,
diff --git a/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/moderation_model.py b/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/moderation_model.py
index 00cb1d6cc3..2b17f292c5 100644
--- a/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/moderation_model.py
+++ b/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/moderation_model.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import time
 from abc import abstractmethod
 from typing import Optional
 
+from pydantic import ConfigDict
+
 from core.model_runtime.entities.model_entities import ModelType
 from core.model_runtime.model_providers.__base.ai_model import AIModel
 
@@ -12,6 +14,9 @@ class ModerationModel(AIModel):
     """
     model_type: ModelType = ModelType.MODERATION
 
+    # pydantic configs
+    model_config = ConfigDict(protected_namespaces=())
+
     def invoke(self, model: str, credentials: dict,
                text: str, user: Optional[str] = None) \
             -> bool:
diff --git a/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/speech2text_model.py b/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/speech2text_model.py
index a084baf340..4fb11025fe 100644
--- a/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/speech2text_model.py
+++ b/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/speech2text_model.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import os
 from abc import abstractmethod
 from typing import IO, Optional
 
+from pydantic import ConfigDict
+
 from core.model_runtime.entities.model_entities import ModelType
 from core.model_runtime.model_providers.__base.ai_model import AIModel
 
@@ -12,6 +14,9 @@ class Speech2TextModel(AIModel):
     """
     model_type: ModelType = ModelType.SPEECH2TEXT
 
+    # pydantic configs
+    model_config = ConfigDict(protected_namespaces=())
+
     def invoke(self, model: str, credentials: dict,
                file: IO[bytes], user: Optional[str] = None) \
             -> str:
diff --git a/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/text2img_model.py b/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/text2img_model.py
index 972a2ea14a..e0f1adb1c4 100644
--- a/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/text2img_model.py
+++ b/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/text2img_model.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 from abc import abstractmethod
 from typing import IO, Optional
 
+from pydantic import ConfigDict
+
 from core.model_runtime.entities.model_entities import ModelType
 from core.model_runtime.model_providers.__base.ai_model import AIModel
 
@@ -11,6 +13,9 @@ class Text2ImageModel(AIModel):
     """
     model_type: ModelType = ModelType.TEXT2IMG
 
+    # pydantic configs
+    model_config = ConfigDict(protected_namespaces=())
+
     def invoke(self, model: str, credentials: dict, prompt: str, 
                model_parameters: dict, user: Optional[str] = None) \
             -> list[IO[bytes]]:
diff --git a/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/text_embedding_model.py b/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/text_embedding_model.py
index 1da4dcef91..381d2f6cd1 100644
--- a/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/text_embedding_model.py
+++ b/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/text_embedding_model.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import time
 from abc import abstractmethod
 from typing import Optional
 
+from pydantic import ConfigDict
+
 from core.model_runtime.entities.model_entities import ModelPropertyKey, ModelType
 from core.model_runtime.entities.text_embedding_entities import TextEmbeddingResult
 from core.model_runtime.model_providers.__base.ai_model import AIModel
@@ -13,6 +15,9 @@ class TextEmbeddingModel(AIModel):
     """
     model_type: ModelType = ModelType.TEXT_EMBEDDING
 
+    # pydantic configs
+    model_config = ConfigDict(protected_namespaces=())
+
     def invoke(self, model: str, credentials: dict,
                texts: list[str], user: Optional[str] = None) \
             -> TextEmbeddingResult:
diff --git a/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/tts_model.py b/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/tts_model.py
index 22e546aad7..bc6a475f36 100644
--- a/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/tts_model.py
+++ b/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/__base/tts_model.py
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import uuid
 from abc import abstractmethod
 from typing import Optional
 
+from pydantic import ConfigDict
+
 from core.model_runtime.entities.model_entities import ModelPropertyKey, ModelType
 from core.model_runtime.errors.invoke import InvokeBadRequestError
 from core.model_runtime.model_providers.__base.ai_model import AIModel
@@ -15,6 +17,9 @@ class TTSModel(AIModel):
     """
     model_type: ModelType = ModelType.TTS
 
+    # pydantic configs
+    model_config = ConfigDict(protected_namespaces=())
+
     def invoke(self, model: str, tenant_id: str, credentials: dict, content_text: str, voice: str, streaming: bool,
                user: Optional[str] = None):
         """
diff --git a/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/model_provider_factory.py b/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/model_provider_factory.py
index 26c4199d16..a4dbaabfc9 100644
--- a/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/model_provider_factory.py
+++ b/api/core/model_runtime/model_providers/model_provider_factory.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import logging
 import os
 from typing import Optional
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
 
 from core.helper.module_import_helper import load_single_subclass_from_source
 from core.helper.position_helper import get_position_map, sort_to_dict_by_position_map
@@ -19,11 +19,7 @@ class ModelProviderExtension(BaseModel):
     provider_instance: ModelProvider
     name: str
     position: Optional[int] = None
-
-    class Config:
-        """Configuration for this pydantic object."""
-
-        arbitrary_types_allowed = True
+    model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
 
 
 class ModelProviderFactory:
diff --git a/api/core/model_runtime/utils/encoders.py b/api/core/model_runtime/utils/encoders.py
index cf6c98e01a..e41d49216c 100644
--- a/api/core/model_runtime/utils/encoders.py
+++ b/api/core/model_runtime/utils/encoders.py
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ from typing import Any, Optional, Union
 from uuid import UUID
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel
-from pydantic.color import Color
 from pydantic.networks import AnyUrl, NameEmail
 from pydantic.types import SecretBytes, SecretStr
+from pydantic_extra_types.color import Color
 
 from ._compat import PYDANTIC_V2, Url, _model_dump
 
diff --git a/api/core/model_runtime/utils/helper.py b/api/core/model_runtime/utils/helper.py
index 09d08fa3bd..c68a554471 100644
--- a/api/core/model_runtime/utils/helper.py
+++ b/api/core/model_runtime/utils/helper.py
@@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ def dump_model(model: BaseModel) -> dict:
     if hasattr(pydantic, 'model_dump'):
         return pydantic.model_dump(model)
     else:
-        return model.dict()
+        return model.model_dump()
diff --git a/api/core/moderation/api/api.py b/api/core/moderation/api/api.py
index 9cafbf17a3..f96e2a1c21 100644
--- a/api/core/moderation/api/api.py
+++ b/api/core/moderation/api/api.py
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class ApiModeration(Moderation):
                 query=query
             )
 
-            result = self._get_config_by_requestor(APIBasedExtensionPoint.APP_MODERATION_INPUT, params.dict())
+            result = self._get_config_by_requestor(APIBasedExtensionPoint.APP_MODERATION_INPUT, params.model_dump())
             return ModerationInputsResult(**result)
 
         return ModerationInputsResult(flagged=flagged, action=ModerationAction.DIRECT_OUTPUT, preset_response=preset_response)
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class ApiModeration(Moderation):
                 text=text
             )
 
-            result = self._get_config_by_requestor(APIBasedExtensionPoint.APP_MODERATION_OUTPUT, params.dict())
+            result = self._get_config_by_requestor(APIBasedExtensionPoint.APP_MODERATION_OUTPUT, params.model_dump())
             return ModerationOutputsResult(**result)
 
         return ModerationOutputsResult(flagged=flagged, action=ModerationAction.DIRECT_OUTPUT, preset_response=preset_response)
diff --git a/api/core/moderation/output_moderation.py b/api/core/moderation/output_moderation.py
index af8910614d..3587466952 100644
--- a/api/core/moderation/output_moderation.py
+++ b/api/core/moderation/output_moderation.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import time
 from typing import Any, Optional
 
 from flask import Flask, current_app
-from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
 
 from core.app.apps.base_app_queue_manager import AppQueueManager, PublishFrom
 from core.app.entities.queue_entities import QueueMessageReplaceEvent
@@ -33,9 +33,7 @@ class OutputModeration(BaseModel):
     buffer: str = ''
     is_final_chunk: bool = False
     final_output: Optional[str] = None
-
-    class Config:
-        arbitrary_types_allowed = True
+    model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
 
     def should_direct_output(self):
         return self.final_output is not None
diff --git a/api/core/prompt/entities/advanced_prompt_entities.py b/api/core/prompt/entities/advanced_prompt_entities.py
index 23a8602bea..61df69163c 100644
--- a/api/core/prompt/entities/advanced_prompt_entities.py
+++ b/api/core/prompt/entities/advanced_prompt_entities.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class ChatModelMessage(BaseModel):
     """
     text: str
     role: PromptMessageRole
-    edition_type: Optional[Literal['basic', 'jinja2']]
+    edition_type: Optional[Literal['basic', 'jinja2']] = None
 
 
 class CompletionModelPromptTemplate(BaseModel):
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class CompletionModelPromptTemplate(BaseModel):
     Completion Model Prompt Template.
     """
     text: str
-    edition_type: Optional[Literal['basic', 'jinja2']]
+    edition_type: Optional[Literal['basic', 'jinja2']] = None
 
 
 class MemoryConfig(BaseModel):
diff --git a/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/milvus/milvus_vector.py b/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/milvus/milvus_vector.py
index d77cf26d25..830836c854 100644
--- a/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/milvus/milvus_vector.py
+++ b/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/milvus/milvus_vector.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from typing import Any, Optional
 from uuid import uuid4
 
 from flask import current_app
-from pydantic import BaseModel, root_validator
+from pydantic import BaseModel, model_validator
 from pymilvus import MilvusClient, MilvusException, connections
 
 from core.rag.datasource.entity.embedding import Embeddings
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class MilvusConfig(BaseModel):
     batch_size: int = 100
     database: str = "default"
 
-    @root_validator()
+    @model_validator(mode='before')
     def validate_config(cls, values: dict) -> dict:
         if not values.get('host'):
             raise ValueError("config MILVUS_HOST is required")
diff --git a/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/pgvecto_rs/pgvecto_rs.py b/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/pgvecto_rs/pgvecto_rs.py
index 80a2c3f82b..61cac4f3a3 100644
--- a/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/pgvecto_rs/pgvecto_rs.py
+++ b/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/pgvecto_rs/pgvecto_rs.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from uuid import UUID, uuid4
 from flask import current_app
 from numpy import ndarray
 from pgvecto_rs.sqlalchemy import Vector
-from pydantic import BaseModel, root_validator
+from pydantic import BaseModel, model_validator
 from sqlalchemy import Float, String, create_engine, insert, select, text
 from sqlalchemy import text as sql_text
 from sqlalchemy.dialects import postgresql
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class PgvectoRSConfig(BaseModel):
     password: str
     database: str
 
-    @root_validator()
+    @model_validator(mode='before')
     def validate_config(cls, values: dict) -> dict:
         if not values['host']:
             raise ValueError("config PGVECTO_RS_HOST is required")
diff --git a/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/pgvector/pgvector.py b/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/pgvector/pgvector.py
index c9a1508ab2..72d0a85f8d 100644
--- a/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/pgvector/pgvector.py
+++ b/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/pgvector/pgvector.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from typing import Any
 import psycopg2.extras
 import psycopg2.pool
 from flask import current_app
-from pydantic import BaseModel, root_validator
+from pydantic import BaseModel, model_validator
 
 from core.rag.datasource.entity.embedding import Embeddings
 from core.rag.datasource.vdb.vector_base import BaseVector
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class PGVectorConfig(BaseModel):
     password: str
     database: str
 
-    @root_validator()
+    @model_validator(mode='before')
     def validate_config(cls, values: dict) -> dict:
         if not values["host"]:
             raise ValueError("config PGVECTOR_HOST is required")
diff --git a/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/qdrant/qdrant_vector.py b/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/qdrant/qdrant_vector.py
index 49c0e2c985..bccc3a39f6 100644
--- a/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/qdrant/qdrant_vector.py
+++ b/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/qdrant/qdrant_vector.py
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
 class QdrantConfig(BaseModel):
     endpoint: str
-    api_key: Optional[str]
+    api_key: Optional[str] = None
     timeout: float = 20
-    root_path: Optional[str]
+    root_path: Optional[str] = None
     grpc_port: int = 6334
     prefer_grpc: bool = False
 
diff --git a/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/relyt/relyt_vector.py b/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/relyt/relyt_vector.py
index 5ccb24f57f..d2b32324a1 100644
--- a/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/relyt/relyt_vector.py
+++ b/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/relyt/relyt_vector.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import uuid
 from typing import Any, Optional
 
 from flask import current_app
-from pydantic import BaseModel, root_validator
+from pydantic import BaseModel, model_validator
 from sqlalchemy import Column, Sequence, String, Table, create_engine, insert
 from sqlalchemy import text as sql_text
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import JSON, TEXT
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class RelytConfig(BaseModel):
     password: str
     database: str
 
-    @root_validator()
+    @model_validator(mode='before')
     def validate_config(cls, values: dict) -> dict:
         if not values['host']:
             raise ValueError("config RELYT_HOST is required")
diff --git a/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/tidb_vector/tidb_vector.py b/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/tidb_vector/tidb_vector.py
index 6564c565d1..3a9a56f93a 100644
--- a/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/tidb_vector/tidb_vector.py
+++ b/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/tidb_vector/tidb_vector.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from typing import Any
 
 import sqlalchemy
 from flask import current_app
-from pydantic import BaseModel, root_validator
+from pydantic import BaseModel, model_validator
 from sqlalchemy import JSON, TEXT, Column, DateTime, String, Table, create_engine, insert
 from sqlalchemy import text as sql_text
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session, declarative_base
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class TiDBVectorConfig(BaseModel):
     password: str
     database: str
 
-    @root_validator()
+    @model_validator(mode='before')
     def validate_config(cls, values: dict) -> dict:
         if not values['host']:
             raise ValueError("config TIDB_VECTOR_HOST is required")
diff --git a/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/weaviate/weaviate_vector.py b/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/weaviate/weaviate_vector.py
index 73f9c580aa..c3595ae495 100644
--- a/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/weaviate/weaviate_vector.py
+++ b/api/core/rag/datasource/vdb/weaviate/weaviate_vector.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from typing import Any, Optional
 import requests
 import weaviate
 from flask import current_app
-from pydantic import BaseModel, root_validator
+from pydantic import BaseModel, model_validator
 
 from core.rag.datasource.entity.embedding import Embeddings
 from core.rag.datasource.vdb.field import Field
@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ from models.dataset import Dataset
 
 class WeaviateConfig(BaseModel):
     endpoint: str
-    api_key: Optional[str]
+    api_key: Optional[str] = None
     batch_size: int = 100
 
-    @root_validator()
+    @model_validator(mode='before')
     def validate_config(cls, values: dict) -> dict:
         if not values['endpoint']:
             raise ValueError("config WEAVIATE_ENDPOINT is required")
diff --git a/api/core/rag/extractor/blod/blod.py b/api/core/rag/extractor/blod/blod.py
index 8d423e1b3f..abfdafcfa2 100644
--- a/api/core/rag/extractor/blod/blod.py
+++ b/api/core/rag/extractor/blod/blod.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from io import BufferedReader, BytesIO
 from pathlib import PurePath
 from typing import Any, Optional, Union
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel, root_validator
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, model_validator
 
 PathLike = Union[str, PurePath]
 
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class Blob(BaseModel):
     Inspired by: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Blob
     """
 
-    data: Union[bytes, str, None]  # Raw data
+    data: Union[bytes, str, None] = None  # Raw data
     mimetype: Optional[str] = None  # Not to be confused with a file extension
     encoding: str = "utf-8"  # Use utf-8 as default encoding, if decoding to string
     # Location where the original content was found
@@ -37,17 +37,15 @@ class Blob(BaseModel):
     # Useful for situations where downstream code assumes it must work with file paths
     # rather than in-memory content.
     path: Optional[PathLike] = None
-
-    class Config:
-        arbitrary_types_allowed = True
-        frozen = True
+    model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True, frozen=True)
 
     @property
     def source(self) -> Optional[str]:
         """The source location of the blob as string if known otherwise none."""
         return str(self.path) if self.path else None
 
-    @root_validator(pre=True)
+    @model_validator(mode="before")
+    @classmethod
     def check_blob_is_valid(cls, values: Mapping[str, Any]) -> Mapping[str, Any]:
         """Verify that either data or path is provided."""
         if "data" not in values and "path" not in values:
diff --git a/api/core/rag/extractor/entity/extract_setting.py b/api/core/rag/extractor/entity/extract_setting.py
index 49cd4d0c03..33d9786691 100644
--- a/api/core/rag/extractor/entity/extract_setting.py
+++ b/api/core/rag/extractor/entity/extract_setting.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
 
 from models.dataset import Document
 from models.model import UploadFile
@@ -13,9 +13,7 @@ class NotionInfo(BaseModel):
     notion_page_type: str
     document: Document = None
     tenant_id: str
-
-    class Config:
-        arbitrary_types_allowed = True
+    model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
 
     def __init__(self, **data) -> None:
         super().__init__(**data)
@@ -29,9 +27,7 @@ class ExtractSetting(BaseModel):
     upload_file: UploadFile = None
     notion_info: NotionInfo = None
     document_model: str = None
-
-    class Config:
-        arbitrary_types_allowed = True
+    model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
 
     def __init__(self, **data) -> None:
         super().__init__(**data)
diff --git a/api/core/tools/entities/api_entities.py b/api/core/tools/entities/api_entities.py
index b6c553f3f1..da12996b2b 100644
--- a/api/core/tools/entities/api_entities.py
+++ b/api/core/tools/entities/api_entities.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ class UserTool(BaseModel):
     name: str # identifier
     label: I18nObject # label
     description: I18nObject
-    parameters: Optional[list[ToolParameter]]
+    parameters: Optional[list[ToolParameter]] = None
     labels: list[str] = None
 
 UserToolProviderTypeLiteral = Optional[Literal[
diff --git a/api/core/tools/entities/tool_entities.py b/api/core/tools/entities/tool_entities.py
index 55ef8e8291..265ee572f9 100644
--- a/api/core/tools/entities/tool_entities.py
+++ b/api/core/tools/entities/tool_entities.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from enum import Enum
 from typing import Any, Optional, Union, cast
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, field_validator
 
 from core.tools.entities.common_entities import I18nObject
 
@@ -116,6 +116,14 @@ class ToolParameterOption(BaseModel):
     value: str = Field(..., description="The value of the option")
     label: I18nObject = Field(..., description="The label of the option")
 
+    @classmethod
+    @field_validator('value', mode='before')
+    def transform_id_to_str(cls, value) -> str:
+        if isinstance(value, bool):
+            return str(value)
+        else:
+            return value
+
 
 class ToolParameter(BaseModel):
     class ToolParameterType(str, Enum):
@@ -278,7 +286,7 @@ class ToolRuntimeVariablePool(BaseModel):
             'conversation_id': self.conversation_id,
             'user_id': self.user_id,
             'tenant_id': self.tenant_id,
-            'pool': [variable.dict() for variable in self.pool],
+            'pool': [variable.model_dump() for variable in self.pool],
         }
     
     def set_text(self, tool_name: str, name: str, value: str) -> None:
diff --git a/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/aippt/tools/aippt.py b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/aippt/tools/aippt.py
index 81465848a2..518eb732c2 100644
--- a/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/aippt/tools/aippt.py
+++ b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/aippt/tools/aippt.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from hmac import new as hmac_new
 from json import loads as json_loads
 from threading import Lock
 from time import sleep, time
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Optional
 
 from httpx import get, post
 from requests import get as requests_get
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ class AIPPTGenerateTool(BuiltinTool):
 
     _api_base_url = URL('https://co.aippt.cn/api')
     _api_token_cache = {}
-    _api_token_cache_lock = Lock()
+    _api_token_cache_lock:Optional[Lock] = None
     _style_cache = {}
-    _style_cache_lock = Lock()
+    _style_cache_lock:Optional[Lock] = None
 
     _task = {}
     _task_type_map = {
@@ -32,6 +32,11 @@ class AIPPTGenerateTool(BuiltinTool):
         'markdown': 7,
     }
 
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs: Any):
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self._api_token_cache_lock = Lock()
+        self._style_cache_lock = Lock()
+
     def _invoke(self, user_id: str, tool_parameters: dict[str, Any]) -> ToolInvokeMessage | list[ToolInvokeMessage]:
         """
         Invokes the AIPPT generate tool with the given user ID and tool parameters.
diff --git a/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/arxiv/tools/arxiv_search.py b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/arxiv/tools/arxiv_search.py
index 448d2e8f84..ce28373880 100644
--- a/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/arxiv/tools/arxiv_search.py
+++ b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/arxiv/tools/arxiv_search.py
@@ -44,14 +44,10 @@ class ArxivAPIWrapper(BaseModel):
             arxiv.run("tree of thought llm)
     """
 
-    arxiv_search = arxiv.Search  #: :meta private:
-    arxiv_exceptions = (
-        arxiv.ArxivError,
-        arxiv.UnexpectedEmptyPageError,
-        arxiv.HTTPError,
-    )  # :meta private:
+    arxiv_search: type[arxiv.Search] = arxiv.Search  #: :meta private:
+    arxiv_http_error: tuple[type[Exception]] = (arxiv.ArxivError, arxiv.UnexpectedEmptyPageError, arxiv.HTTPError)
     top_k_results: int = 3
-    ARXIV_MAX_QUERY_LENGTH = 300
+    ARXIV_MAX_QUERY_LENGTH: int = 300
     load_max_docs: int = 100
     load_all_available_meta: bool = False
     doc_content_chars_max: Optional[int] = 4000
@@ -73,7 +69,7 @@ class ArxivAPIWrapper(BaseModel):
             results = self.arxiv_search(  # type: ignore
                 query[: self.ARXIV_MAX_QUERY_LENGTH], max_results=self.top_k_results
             ).results()
-        except self.arxiv_exceptions as ex:
+        except arxiv_http_error as ex:
             return f"Arxiv exception: {ex}"
         docs = [
             f"Published: {result.updated.date()}\n"
diff --git a/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/bing/tools/bing_web_search.py b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/bing/tools/bing_web_search.py
index d133f38082..761aecde94 100644
--- a/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/bing/tools/bing_web_search.py
+++ b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/bing/tools/bing_web_search.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from core.tools.tool.builtin_tool import BuiltinTool
 
 
 class BingSearchTool(BuiltinTool):
-    url = 'https://api.bing.microsoft.com/v7.0/search'
+    url: str = 'https://api.bing.microsoft.com/v7.0/search'
 
     def _invoke_bing(self, 
                      user_id: str,
diff --git a/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/brave/tools/brave_search.py b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/brave/tools/brave_search.py
index f121cb0e34..21cbf2c7da 100644
--- a/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/brave/tools/brave_search.py
+++ b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/brave/tools/brave_search.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class BraveSearchWrapper(BaseModel):
     """The API key to use for the Brave search engine."""
     search_kwargs: dict = Field(default_factory=dict)
     """Additional keyword arguments to pass to the search request."""
-    base_url = "https://api.search.brave.com/res/v1/web/search"
+    base_url: str = "https://api.search.brave.com/res/v1/web/search"
     """The base URL for the Brave search engine."""
 
     def run(self, query: str) -> str:
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ class BraveSearchWrapper(BaseModel):
 class BraveSearch(BaseModel):
     """Tool that queries the BraveSearch."""
 
-    name = "brave_search"
-    description = (
+    name: str = "brave_search"
+    description: str = (
         "a search engine. "
         "useful for when you need to answer questions about current events."
         " input should be a search query."
diff --git a/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/duckduckgo/tools/duckduckgo_search.py b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/duckduckgo/tools/duckduckgo_search.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5beaa7bf44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/duckduckgo/tools/duckduckgo_search.py
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+<<<<<<< HEAD
+=======
+from typing import Any, Optional
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+
+from core.tools.entities.tool_entities import ToolInvokeMessage
+from core.tools.tool.builtin_tool import BuiltinTool
+
+
+class DuckDuckGoSearchAPIWrapper(BaseModel):
+    """Wrapper for DuckDuckGo Search API.
+
+    Free and does not require any setup.
+    """
+
+    region: Optional[str] = "wt-wt"
+    safesearch: str = "moderate"
+    time: Optional[str] = "y"
+    max_results: int = 5
+
+    def get_snippets(self, query: str) -> list[str]:
+        """Run query through DuckDuckGo and return concatenated results."""
+        from duckduckgo_search import DDGS
+
+        with DDGS() as ddgs:
+            results = ddgs.text(
+                query,
+                region=self.region,
+                safesearch=self.safesearch,
+                timelimit=self.time,
+            )
+            if results is None:
+                return ["No good DuckDuckGo Search Result was found"]
+            snippets = []
+            for i, res in enumerate(results, 1):
+                if res is not None:
+                    snippets.append(res["body"])
+                if len(snippets) == self.max_results:
+                    break
+        return snippets
+
+    def run(self, query: str) -> str:
+        snippets = self.get_snippets(query)
+        return " ".join(snippets)
+
+    def results(
+        self, query: str, num_results: int, backend: str = "api"
+    ) -> list[dict[str, str]]:
+        """Run query through DuckDuckGo and return metadata.
+
+        Args:
+            query: The query to search for.
+            num_results: The number of results to return.
+
+        Returns:
+            A list of dictionaries with the following keys:
+                snippet - The description of the result.
+                title - The title of the result.
+                link - The link to the result.
+        """
+        from duckduckgo_search import DDGS
+
+        with DDGS() as ddgs:
+            results = ddgs.text(
+                query,
+                region=self.region,
+                safesearch=self.safesearch,
+                timelimit=self.time,
+                backend=backend,
+            )
+            if results is None:
+                return [{"Result": "No good DuckDuckGo Search Result was found"}]
+
+            def to_metadata(result: dict) -> dict[str, str]:
+                if backend == "news":
+                    return {
+                        "date": result["date"],
+                        "title": result["title"],
+                        "snippet": result["body"],
+                        "source": result["source"],
+                        "link": result["url"],
+                    }
+                return {
+                    "snippet": result["body"],
+                    "title": result["title"],
+                    "link": result["href"],
+                }
+
+            formatted_results = []
+            for i, res in enumerate(results, 1):
+                if res is not None:
+                    formatted_results.append(to_metadata(res))
+                if len(formatted_results) == num_results:
+                    break
+        return formatted_results
+
+
+class DuckDuckGoSearchRun(BaseModel):
+    """Tool that queries the DuckDuckGo search API."""
+
+    name: str = "duckduckgo_search"
+    description: str = (
+        "A wrapper around DuckDuckGo Search. "
+        "Useful for when you need to answer questions about current events. "
+        "Input should be a search query."
+    )
+    api_wrapper: DuckDuckGoSearchAPIWrapper = Field(
+        default_factory=DuckDuckGoSearchAPIWrapper
+    )
+
+    def _run(
+        self,
+        query: str,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Use the tool."""
+        return self.api_wrapper.run(query)
+
+
+class DuckDuckGoSearchResults(BaseModel):
+    """Tool that queries the DuckDuckGo search API and gets back json."""
+
+    name: str = "DuckDuckGo Results JSON"
+    description: str = (
+        "A wrapper around Duck Duck Go Search. "
+        "Useful for when you need to answer questions about current events. "
+        "Input should be a search query. Output is a JSON array of the query results"
+    )
+    num_results: int = 4
+    api_wrapper: DuckDuckGoSearchAPIWrapper = Field(
+        default_factory=DuckDuckGoSearchAPIWrapper
+    )
+    backend: str = "api"
+
+    def _run(
+        self,
+        query: str,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Use the tool."""
+        res = self.api_wrapper.results(query, self.num_results, backend=self.backend)
+        res_strs = [", ".join([f"{k}: {v}" for k, v in d.items()]) for d in res]
+        return ", ".join([f"[{rs}]" for rs in res_strs])
+
+class DuckDuckGoInput(BaseModel):
+    query: str = Field(..., description="Search query.")
+
+class DuckDuckGoSearchTool(BuiltinTool):
+    """
+    Tool for performing a search using DuckDuckGo search engine.
+    """
+
+    def _invoke(self, user_id: str, tool_parameters: dict[str, Any]) -> ToolInvokeMessage | list[ToolInvokeMessage]:
+        """
+        Invoke the DuckDuckGo search tool.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): The ID of the user invoking the tool.
+            tool_parameters (dict[str, Any]): The parameters for the tool invocation.
+
+        Returns:
+            ToolInvokeMessage | list[ToolInvokeMessage]: The result of the tool invocation.
+        """
+        query = tool_parameters.get('query', '')
+
+        if not query:
+            return self.create_text_message('Please input query')
+
+        tool = DuckDuckGoSearchRun(args_schema=DuckDuckGoInput)
+
+        result = tool._run(query)
+
+        return self.create_text_message(self.summary(user_id=user_id, content=result))
+    
+>>>>>>> 4c2ba442b (missing type in DuckDuckGoSearchAPIWrapper)
diff --git a/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/firecrawl/tools/crawl.yaml b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/firecrawl/tools/crawl.yaml
index fd3bcc839a..5f6ba955b8 100644
--- a/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/firecrawl/tools/crawl.yaml
+++ b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/firecrawl/tools/crawl.yaml
@@ -69,10 +69,10 @@ parameters:
     options:
       - value: true
         label:
-          en_US: Yes
+          en_US: 'Yes'
           zh_Hans: 是
       - value: false
         label:
-          en_US: No
+          en_US: 'No'
           zh_Hans: 否
     default: false
diff --git a/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/pubmed/tools/pubmed_search.py b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/pubmed/tools/pubmed_search.py
index ee465d9bca..58811d65e6 100644
--- a/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/pubmed/tools/pubmed_search.py
+++ b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/pubmed/tools/pubmed_search.py
@@ -28,15 +28,15 @@ class PubMedAPIWrapper(BaseModel):
           if False: the `metadata` gets only the most informative fields.
     """
 
-    base_url_esearch = "https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esearch.fcgi?"
-    base_url_efetch = "https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?"
-    max_retry = 5
-    sleep_time = 0.2
+    base_url_esearch: str = "https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esearch.fcgi?"
+    base_url_efetch: str = "https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?"
+    max_retry: int = 5
+    sleep_time: float = 0.2
 
     # Default values for the parameters
     top_k_results: int = 3
     load_max_docs: int = 25
-    ARXIV_MAX_QUERY_LENGTH = 300
+    ARXIV_MAX_QUERY_LENGTH: int = 300
     doc_content_chars_max: int = 2000
     load_all_available_meta: bool = False
     email: str = "your_email@example.com"
@@ -160,8 +160,8 @@ class PubMedAPIWrapper(BaseModel):
 class PubmedQueryRun(BaseModel):
     """Tool that searches the PubMed API."""
 
-    name = "PubMed"
-    description = (
+    name: str = "PubMed"
+    description: str = (
         "A wrapper around PubMed.org "
         "Useful for when you need to answer questions about Physics, Mathematics, "
         "Computer Science, Quantitative Biology, Quantitative Finance, Statistics, "
diff --git a/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/qrcode/tools/qrcode_generator.py b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/qrcode/tools/qrcode_generator.py
index 8db5b1f8e8..5eede98f5e 100644
--- a/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/qrcode/tools/qrcode_generator.py
+++ b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/qrcode/tools/qrcode_generator.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from core.tools.tool.builtin_tool import BuiltinTool
 
 
 class QRCodeGeneratorTool(BuiltinTool):
-    error_correction_levels = {
+    error_correction_levels: dict[str, int] = {
         'L': ERROR_CORRECT_L,  # <=7%
         'M': ERROR_CORRECT_M,  # <=15%
         'Q': ERROR_CORRECT_Q,  # <=25%
diff --git a/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/searxng/tools/searxng_search.py b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/searxng/tools/searxng_search.py
index 50f04760a7..3e46916b9b 100644
--- a/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/searxng/tools/searxng_search.py
+++ b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/searxng/tools/searxng_search.py
@@ -24,21 +24,21 @@ class SearXNGSearchTool(BuiltinTool):
     Tool for performing a search using SearXNG engine.
     """
 
-    SEARCH_TYPE = {
+    SEARCH_TYPE: dict[str, str] = {
         "page": "general",
         "news": "news",
         "image": "images",
         # "video": "videos",
         # "file": "files"
     }
-    LINK_FILED = {
+    LINK_FILED: dict[str, str] = {
         "page": "url",
         "news": "url",
         "image": "img_src",
         # "video": "iframe_src",
         # "file": "magnetlink"
     }
-    TEXT_FILED = {
+    TEXT_FILED: dict[str, str] = {
         "page": "content",
         "news": "content",
         "image": "img_src",
diff --git a/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/stability/tools/text2image.py b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/stability/tools/text2image.py
index e8aa22d413..41236f7b43 100644
--- a/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/stability/tools/text2image.py
+++ b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/stability/tools/text2image.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class StableDiffusionTool(BuiltinTool, BaseStabilityAuthorization):
     """
     This class is responsible for providing the stable diffusion tool.
     """
-    model_endpoint_map = {
+    model_endpoint_map: dict[str, str] = {
         'sd3': 'https://api.stability.ai/v2beta/stable-image/generate/sd3',
         'sd3-turbo': 'https://api.stability.ai/v2beta/stable-image/generate/sd3',
         'core': 'https://api.stability.ai/v2beta/stable-image/generate/core',
diff --git a/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/stackexchange/tools/searchStackExQuestions.yaml b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/stackexchange/tools/searchStackExQuestions.yaml
index b805c59a56..ec36abd129 100644
--- a/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/stackexchange/tools/searchStackExQuestions.yaml
+++ b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/stackexchange/tools/searchStackExQuestions.yaml
@@ -98,11 +98,11 @@ parameters:
     options:
       - value: true
         label:
-          en_US: Yes
+          en_US: 'Yes'
           zh_Hans: 是
       - value: false
         label:
-          en_US: No
+          en_US: 'No'
           zh_Hans: 否
     default: true
   - name: pagesize
diff --git a/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/tavily/tools/tavily_search.yaml b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/tavily/tools/tavily_search.yaml
index fc38655576..bfa578458d 100644
--- a/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/tavily/tools/tavily_search.yaml
+++ b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/tavily/tools/tavily_search.yaml
@@ -64,14 +64,14 @@ parameters:
     options:
       - value: true
         label:
-          en_US: Yes
+          en_US: 'Yes'
           zh_Hans: 是
-          pt_BR: Yes
+          pt_BR: 'Yes'
       - value: false
         label:
-          en_US: No
+          en_US: 'No'
           zh_Hans: 否
-          pt_BR: No
+          pt_BR: 'No'
     default: false
   - name: include_answer
     type: boolean
@@ -88,14 +88,14 @@ parameters:
     options:
       - value: true
         label:
-          en_US: Yes
+          en_US: 'Yes'
           zh_Hans: 是
-          pt_BR: Yes
+          pt_BR: 'Yes'
       - value: false
         label:
-          en_US: No
+          en_US: 'No'
           zh_Hans: 否
-          pt_BR: No
+          pt_BR: 'No'
     default: false
   - name: include_raw_content
     type: boolean
@@ -112,14 +112,14 @@ parameters:
     options:
       - value: true
         label:
-          en_US: Yes
+          en_US: 'Yes'
           zh_Hans: 是
-          pt_BR: Yes
+          pt_BR: 'Yes'
       - value: false
         label:
-          en_US: No
+          en_US: 'No'
           zh_Hans: 否
-          pt_BR: No
+          pt_BR: 'No'
     default: false
   - name: max_results
     type: number
diff --git a/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/twilio/tools/send_message.py b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/twilio/tools/send_message.py
index 48e3876a4a..48ce7d839b 100644
--- a/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/twilio/tools/send_message.py
+++ b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/twilio/tools/send_message.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from typing import Any, Optional, Union
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel, validator
+from pydantic import BaseModel, field_validator
 
 from core.tools.entities.tool_entities import ToolInvokeMessage
 from core.tools.tool.builtin_tool import BuiltinTool
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class TwilioAPIWrapper(BaseModel):
     named parameters to the constructor.
     """
 
-    client: Any  #: :meta private:
+    client: Any = None  #: :meta private:
     account_sid: Optional[str] = None
     """Twilio account string identifier."""
     auth_token: Optional[str] = None
@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ class TwilioAPIWrapper(BaseModel):
         must be empty.
     """
 
-    @validator("client", pre=True, always=True)
+    @classmethod
+    @field_validator('client', mode='before')
     def set_validator(cls, values: dict) -> dict:
         """Validate that api key and python package exists in environment."""
         try:
diff --git a/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/webscraper/tools/webscraper.yaml b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/webscraper/tools/webscraper.yaml
index 180cfec6fc..0dae3db22f 100644
--- a/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/webscraper/tools/webscraper.yaml
+++ b/api/core/tools/provider/builtin/webscraper/tools/webscraper.yaml
@@ -51,10 +51,10 @@ parameters:
     options:
       - value: true
         label:
-          en_US: Yes
+          en_US: 'Yes'
           zh_Hans: 是
       - value: false
         label:
-          en_US: No
+          en_US: 'No'
           zh_Hans: 否
     default: false
diff --git a/api/core/tools/tool/api_tool.py b/api/core/tools/tool/api_tool.py
index ff7d4015ab..c39f4aa3b7 100644
--- a/api/core/tools/tool/api_tool.py
+++ b/api/core/tools/tool/api_tool.py
@@ -32,10 +32,10 @@ class ApiTool(Tool):
             :return: the new tool
         """
         return self.__class__(
-            identity=self.identity.copy() if self.identity else None,
+            identity=self.identity.model_copy() if self.identity else None,
             parameters=self.parameters.copy() if self.parameters else None,
-            description=self.description.copy() if self.description else None,
-            api_bundle=self.api_bundle.copy() if self.api_bundle else None,
+            description=self.description.model_copy() if self.description else None,
+            api_bundle=self.api_bundle.model_copy() if self.api_bundle else None,
             runtime=Tool.Runtime(**runtime)
         )
     
diff --git a/api/core/tools/tool/dataset_retriever/dataset_retriever_base_tool.py b/api/core/tools/tool/dataset_retriever/dataset_retriever_base_tool.py
index 1f8478f554..62e97a0230 100644
--- a/api/core/tools/tool/dataset_retriever/dataset_retriever_base_tool.py
+++ b/api/core/tools/tool/dataset_retriever/dataset_retriever_base_tool.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from abc import abstractmethod
 from typing import Any, Optional
 
 from msal_extensions.persistence import ABC
-from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
 
 from core.callback_handler.index_tool_callback_handler import DatasetIndexToolCallbackHandler
 
@@ -17,9 +17,7 @@ class DatasetRetrieverBaseTool(BaseModel, ABC):
     hit_callbacks: list[DatasetIndexToolCallbackHandler] = []
     return_resource: bool
     retriever_from: str
-
-    class Config:
-        arbitrary_types_allowed = True
+    model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
 
     @abstractmethod
     def _run(
diff --git a/api/core/tools/tool/tool.py b/api/core/tools/tool/tool.py
index 5ae54e4728..df5a2a1e66 100644
--- a/api/core/tools/tool/tool.py
+++ b/api/core/tools/tool/tool.py
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ from copy import deepcopy
 from enum import Enum
 from typing import Any, Optional, Union
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel, validator
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, field_validator
+from pydantic_core.core_schema import ValidationInfo
 
 from core.app.entities.app_invoke_entities import InvokeFrom
 from core.file.file_obj import FileVar
@@ -28,8 +29,12 @@ class Tool(BaseModel, ABC):
     description: ToolDescription = None
     is_team_authorization: bool = False
 
-    @validator('parameters', pre=True, always=True)
-    def set_parameters(cls, v, values):
+    # pydantic configs
+    model_config = ConfigDict(protected_namespaces=())
+
+    @classmethod
+    @field_validator('parameters', mode='before')
+    def set_parameters(cls, v, validation_info: ValidationInfo) -> list[ToolParameter]:
         return v or []
 
     class Runtime(BaseModel):
@@ -65,9 +70,9 @@ class Tool(BaseModel, ABC):
             :return: the new tool
         """
         return self.__class__(
-            identity=self.identity.copy() if self.identity else None,
+            identity=self.identity.model_copy() if self.identity else None,
             parameters=self.parameters.copy() if self.parameters else None,
-            description=self.description.copy() if self.description else None,
+            description=self.description.model_copy() if self.description else None,
             runtime=Tool.Runtime(**runtime),
         )
     
diff --git a/api/core/workflow/nodes/code/entities.py b/api/core/workflow/nodes/code/entities.py
index 03044268ab..83a5416d57 100644
--- a/api/core/workflow/nodes/code/entities.py
+++ b/api/core/workflow/nodes/code/entities.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class CodeNodeData(BaseNodeData):
     """
     class Output(BaseModel):
         type: Literal['string', 'number', 'object', 'array[string]', 'array[number]', 'array[object]']
-        children: Optional[dict[str, 'Output']]
+        children: Optional[dict[str, 'Output']] = None
 
     variables: list[VariableSelector]
     code_language: Literal[CodeLanguage.PYTHON3, CodeLanguage.JAVASCRIPT]
diff --git a/api/core/workflow/nodes/http_request/entities.py b/api/core/workflow/nodes/http_request/entities.py
index 4a81a4176d..981e3fcc68 100644
--- a/api/core/workflow/nodes/http_request/entities.py
+++ b/api/core/workflow/nodes/http_request/entities.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import os
 from typing import Literal, Optional, Union
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel, validator
+from pydantic import BaseModel, field_validator
 
 from core.workflow.entities.base_node_data_entities import BaseNodeData
 
@@ -14,15 +14,18 @@ class HttpRequestNodeData(BaseNodeData):
     Code Node Data.
     """
     class Authorization(BaseModel):
+        # TODO[pydantic]: The `Config` class inherits from another class, please create the `model_config` manually.
+        # Check https://docs.pydantic.dev/dev-v2/migration/#changes-to-config for more information.
         class Config(BaseModel):
             type: Literal[None, 'basic', 'bearer', 'custom']
-            api_key: Union[None, str]
-            header: Union[None, str]
+            api_key: Union[None, str] = None
+            header: Union[None, str] = None
 
         type: Literal['no-auth', 'api-key']
         config: Optional[Config]
 
-        @validator('config', always=True, pre=True)
+        @classmethod
+        @field_validator('config', mode='before')
         def check_config(cls, v, values):
             """
             Check config, if type is no-auth, config should be None, otherwise it should be a dict.
@@ -37,7 +40,7 @@ class HttpRequestNodeData(BaseNodeData):
 
     class Body(BaseModel):
         type: Literal['none', 'form-data', 'x-www-form-urlencoded', 'raw-text', 'json']
-        data: Union[None, str]
+        data: Union[None, str] = None
 
     class Timeout(BaseModel):
         connect: Optional[int] = MAX_CONNECT_TIMEOUT
@@ -50,5 +53,5 @@ class HttpRequestNodeData(BaseNodeData):
     headers: str
     params: str
     body: Optional[Body]
-    timeout: Optional[Timeout]
+    timeout: Optional[Timeout] = None
     mask_authorization_header: Optional[bool] = True
diff --git a/api/core/workflow/nodes/http_request/http_request_node.py b/api/core/workflow/nodes/http_request/http_request_node.py
index d983a30695..276c02f62d 100644
--- a/api/core/workflow/nodes/http_request/http_request_node.py
+++ b/api/core/workflow/nodes/http_request/http_request_node.py
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class HttpRequestNode(BaseNode):
                     "type": "none"
                 },
                 "timeout": {
-                    **HTTP_REQUEST_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT.dict(),
+                    **HTTP_REQUEST_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT.model_dump(),
                     "max_connect_timeout": MAX_CONNECT_TIMEOUT,
                     "max_read_timeout": MAX_READ_TIMEOUT,
                     "max_write_timeout": MAX_WRITE_TIMEOUT,
diff --git a/api/core/workflow/nodes/iteration/entities.py b/api/core/workflow/nodes/iteration/entities.py
index c85aa66c7b..177b47b951 100644
--- a/api/core/workflow/nodes/iteration/entities.py
+++ b/api/core/workflow/nodes/iteration/entities.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ class IterationNodeData(BaseIterationNodeData):
     """
     Iteration Node Data.
     """
-    parent_loop_id: Optional[str] # redundant field, not used currently
+    parent_loop_id: Optional[str] = None # redundant field, not used currently
     iterator_selector: list[str] # variable selector
     output_selector: list[str] # output selector
 
diff --git a/api/core/workflow/nodes/knowledge_retrieval/entities.py b/api/core/workflow/nodes/knowledge_retrieval/entities.py
index e63e33c785..c8874ff22c 100644
--- a/api/core/workflow/nodes/knowledge_retrieval/entities.py
+++ b/api/core/workflow/nodes/knowledge_retrieval/entities.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class MultipleRetrievalConfig(BaseModel):
     Multiple Retrieval Config.
     """
     top_k: int
-    score_threshold: Optional[float]
+    score_threshold: Optional[float] = None
     reranking_model: RerankingModelConfig
 
 
@@ -47,5 +47,5 @@ class KnowledgeRetrievalNodeData(BaseNodeData):
     query_variable_selector: list[str]
     dataset_ids: list[str]
     retrieval_mode: Literal['single', 'multiple']
-    multiple_retrieval_config: Optional[MultipleRetrievalConfig]
-    single_retrieval_config: Optional[SingleRetrievalConfig]
+    multiple_retrieval_config: Optional[MultipleRetrievalConfig] = None
+    single_retrieval_config: Optional[SingleRetrievalConfig] = None
diff --git a/api/core/workflow/nodes/parameter_extractor/entities.py b/api/core/workflow/nodes/parameter_extractor/entities.py
index a89a6903ef..83702eae41 100644
--- a/api/core/workflow/nodes/parameter_extractor/entities.py
+++ b/api/core/workflow/nodes/parameter_extractor/entities.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from typing import Any, Literal, Optional
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel, validator
+from pydantic import BaseModel, field_validator
 
 from core.prompt.entities.advanced_prompt_entities import MemoryConfig
 from core.workflow.entities.base_node_data_entities import BaseNodeData
@@ -21,12 +21,13 @@ class ParameterConfig(BaseModel):
     """
     name: str
     type: Literal['string', 'number', 'bool', 'select', 'array[string]', 'array[number]', 'array[object]']
-    options: Optional[list[str]]
+    options: Optional[list[str]] = None
     description: str
     required: bool
 
-    @validator('name', pre=True, always=True)
-    def validate_name(cls, value):
+    @classmethod
+    @field_validator('name', mode='before')
+    def validate_name(cls, value) -> str:
         if not value:
             raise ValueError('Parameter name is required')
         if value in ['__reason', '__is_success']:
@@ -40,12 +41,13 @@ class ParameterExtractorNodeData(BaseNodeData):
     model: ModelConfig
     query: list[str]
     parameters: list[ParameterConfig]
-    instruction: Optional[str]
-    memory: Optional[MemoryConfig]
+    instruction: Optional[str] = None
+    memory: Optional[MemoryConfig] = None
     reasoning_mode: Literal['function_call', 'prompt']
 
-    @validator('reasoning_mode', pre=True, always=True)
-    def set_reasoning_mode(cls, v):
+    @classmethod
+    @field_validator('reasoning_mode', mode='before')
+    def set_reasoning_mode(cls, v) -> str:
         return v or 'function_call'
 
     def get_parameter_json_schema(self) -> dict:
diff --git a/api/core/workflow/nodes/question_classifier/entities.py b/api/core/workflow/nodes/question_classifier/entities.py
index 9e660a88dd..c0b0a8b696 100644
--- a/api/core/workflow/nodes/question_classifier/entities.py
+++ b/api/core/workflow/nodes/question_classifier/entities.py
@@ -32,5 +32,5 @@ class QuestionClassifierNodeData(BaseNodeData):
     type: str = 'question-classifier'
     model: ModelConfig
     classes: list[ClassConfig]
-    instruction: Optional[str]
-    memory: Optional[MemoryConfig]
+    instruction: Optional[str] = None
+    memory: Optional[MemoryConfig] = None
diff --git a/api/core/workflow/nodes/tool/entities.py b/api/core/workflow/nodes/tool/entities.py
index 98b28ac4f1..72825d7cc3 100644
--- a/api/core/workflow/nodes/tool/entities.py
+++ b/api/core/workflow/nodes/tool/entities.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from typing import Any, Literal, Union
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel, validator
+from pydantic import BaseModel, field_validator
+from pydantic_core.core_schema import ValidationInfo
 
 from core.workflow.entities.base_node_data_entities import BaseNodeData
 
@@ -13,13 +14,14 @@ class ToolEntity(BaseModel):
     tool_label: str # redundancy
     tool_configurations: dict[str, Any]
 
-    @validator('tool_configurations', pre=True, always=True)
-    def validate_tool_configurations(cls, value, values):
+    @classmethod
+    @field_validator('tool_configurations', mode='before')
+    def validate_tool_configurations(cls, value, values: ValidationInfo) -> dict[str, Any]:
         if not isinstance(value, dict):
             raise ValueError('tool_configurations must be a dictionary')
         
-        for key in values.get('tool_configurations', {}).keys():
-            value = values.get('tool_configurations', {}).get(key)
+        for key in values.data.get('tool_configurations', {}).keys():
+            value = values.data.get('tool_configurations', {}).get(key)
             if not isinstance(value, str | int | float | bool):
                 raise ValueError(f'{key} must be a string')
             
@@ -30,10 +32,11 @@ class ToolNodeData(BaseNodeData, ToolEntity):
         value: Union[Any, list[str]]
         type: Literal['mixed', 'variable', 'constant']
 
-        @validator('type', pre=True, always=True)
-        def check_type(cls, value, values):
+        @classmethod
+        @field_validator('type', mode='before')
+        def check_type(cls, value, validation_info: ValidationInfo):
             typ = value
-            value = values.get('value')
+            value = validation_info.data.get('value')
             if typ == 'mixed' and not isinstance(value, str):
                 raise ValueError('value must be a string')
             elif typ == 'variable':
@@ -45,7 +48,7 @@ class ToolNodeData(BaseNodeData, ToolEntity):
             elif typ == 'constant' and not isinstance(value, str | int | float | bool):
                 raise ValueError('value must be a string, int, float, or bool')
             return typ
-        
+
     """
     Tool Node Schema
     """
diff --git a/api/core/workflow/nodes/variable_aggregator/entities.py b/api/core/workflow/nodes/variable_aggregator/entities.py
index d38e934451..cea88334b9 100644
--- a/api/core/workflow/nodes/variable_aggregator/entities.py
+++ b/api/core/workflow/nodes/variable_aggregator/entities.py
@@ -30,4 +30,4 @@ class VariableAssignerNodeData(BaseNodeData):
     type: str = 'variable-assigner'
     output_type: str
     variables: list[list[str]]
-    advanced_settings: Optional[AdvancedSettings]
\ No newline at end of file
+    advanced_settings: Optional[AdvancedSettings] = None
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/api/core/workflow/workflow_engine_manager.py b/api/core/workflow/workflow_engine_manager.py
index afd19abfde..22deafb8a3 100644
--- a/api/core/workflow/workflow_engine_manager.py
+++ b/api/core/workflow/workflow_engine_manager.py
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ class WorkflowEngineManager:
                         node_data=current_iteration_node.node_data,
                         inputs=workflow_run_state.current_iteration_state.inputs,
                         predecessor_node_id=predecessor_node_id,
-                        metadata=workflow_run_state.current_iteration_state.metadata.dict()
+                        metadata=workflow_run_state.current_iteration_state.metadata.model_dump()
                     )
 
         # add steps
diff --git a/api/events/event_handlers/deduct_quota_when_messaeg_created.py b/api/events/event_handlers/deduct_quota_when_messaeg_created.py
index 53cbb2ecdc..8cf52bf8f5 100644
--- a/api/events/event_handlers/deduct_quota_when_messaeg_created.py
+++ b/api/events/event_handlers/deduct_quota_when_messaeg_created.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ def handle(sender, **kwargs):
     if not isinstance(application_generate_entity, ChatAppGenerateEntity | AgentChatAppGenerateEntity):
         return
 
-    model_config = application_generate_entity.model_config
+    model_config = application_generate_entity.model_conf
     provider_model_bundle = model_config.provider_model_bundle
     provider_configuration = provider_model_bundle.configuration
 
diff --git a/api/events/event_handlers/update_provider_last_used_at_when_messaeg_created.py b/api/events/event_handlers/update_provider_last_used_at_when_messaeg_created.py
index 81cb861180..6188f1a085 100644
--- a/api/events/event_handlers/update_provider_last_used_at_when_messaeg_created.py
+++ b/api/events/event_handlers/update_provider_last_used_at_when_messaeg_created.py
@@ -16,6 +16,6 @@ def handle(sender, **kwargs):
 
     db.session.query(Provider).filter(
         Provider.tenant_id == application_generate_entity.app_config.tenant_id,
-        Provider.provider_name == application_generate_entity.model_config.provider
+        Provider.provider_name == application_generate_entity.model_conf.provider
     ).update({'last_used': datetime.now(timezone.utc).replace(tzinfo=None)})
     db.session.commit()
diff --git a/api/poetry.lock b/api/poetry.lock
index 0beb7da768..4114166bd2 100644
--- a/api/poetry.lock
+++ b/api/poetry.lock
@@ -199,6 +199,17 @@ files = [
 [package.extras]
 dev = ["black", "coverage", "isort", "pre-commit", "pyenchant", "pylint"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "annotated-types"
+version = "0.7.0"
+description = "Reusable constraint types to use with typing.Annotated"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+files = [
+    {file = "annotated_types-0.7.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:1f02e8b43a8fbbc3f3e0d4f0f4bfc8131bcb4eebe8849b8e5c773f3a1c582a53"},
+    {file = "annotated_types-0.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:aff07c09a53a08bc8cfccb9c85b05f1aa9a2a6f23728d790723543408344ce89"},
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "anthropic"
 version = "0.23.1"
@@ -787,6 +798,23 @@ typing = ["build[uv]", "importlib-metadata (>=5.1)", "mypy (>=1.9.0,<1.10.0)", "
 uv = ["uv (>=0.1.18)"]
 virtualenv = ["virtualenv (>=20.0.35)"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "bump-pydantic"
+version = "0.8.0"
+description = "Convert Pydantic from V1 to V2 ♻"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+files = [
+    {file = "bump_pydantic-0.8.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:6cbb4deb5869a69baa5a477f28f3e2d8fb09b687e114c018bd54470590ae7bf7"},
+    {file = "bump_pydantic-0.8.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:6092e61930e85619e74eeb04131b4387feda16f02d8bb2e3cf9507fa492c69e9"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+libcst = ">=0.4.2"
+rich = "*"
+typer = ">=0.7.0"
+typing-extensions = "*"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "cachetools"
 version = "5.3.3"
@@ -3856,6 +3884,46 @@ files = [
 [package.dependencies]
 six = "*"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "libcst"
+version = "1.4.0"
+description = "A concrete syntax tree with AST-like properties for Python 3.0 through 3.12 programs."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
+files = [
+    {file = "libcst-1.4.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:279b54568ea1f25add50ea4ba3d76d4f5835500c82f24d54daae4c5095b986aa"},
+    {file = "libcst-1.4.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:3401dae41fe24565387a65baee3887e31a44e3e58066b0250bc3f3ccf85b1b5a"},
+    {file = "libcst-1.4.0-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:d1989fa12d3cd79118ebd29ebe2a6976d23d509b1a4226bc3d66fcb7cb50bd5d"},
+    {file = "libcst-1.4.0-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:addc6d585141a7677591868886f6bda0577529401a59d210aa8112114340e129"},
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+    {file = "libcst-1.4.0-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:2d47de16d105e7dd5f4e01a428d9f4dc1e71efd74f79766daf54528ce37f23c3"},
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+    {file = "libcst-1.4.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:449e0b16604f054fa7f27c3ffe86ea7ef6c409836fe68fe4e752a1894175db00"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+pyyaml = ">=5.2"
+
+[package.extras]
+dev = ["Sphinx (>=5.1.1)", "black (==23.12.1)", "build (>=0.10.0)", "coverage (>=4.5.4)", "fixit (==2.1.0)", "flake8 (==7.0.0)", "hypothesis (>=4.36.0)", "hypothesmith (>=0.0.4)", "jinja2 (==3.1.4)", "jupyter (>=1.0.0)", "maturin (>=0.8.3,<1.6)", "nbsphinx (>=0.4.2)", "prompt-toolkit (>=2.0.9)", "pyre-check (==0.9.18)", "setuptools-rust (>=1.5.2)", "setuptools-scm (>=6.0.1)", "slotscheck (>=0.7.1)", "sphinx-rtd-theme (>=0.4.3)", "ufmt (==2.6.0)", "usort (==1.0.8.post1)"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "llvmlite"
 version = "0.42.0"
@@ -5666,55 +5734,134 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pydantic"
-version = "1.10.16"
-description = "Data validation and settings management using python type hints"
+version = "2.7.4"
+description = "Data validation using Python type hints"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.7"
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
 files = [
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 [package.dependencies]
-typing-extensions = ">=4.2.0"
+annotated-types = ">=0.4.0"
+pydantic-core = "2.18.4"
+typing-extensions = ">=4.6.1"
 
 [package.extras]
-dotenv = ["python-dotenv (>=0.10.4)"]
-email = ["email-validator (>=1.0.3)"]
+email = ["email-validator (>=2.0.0)"]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "pydantic-core"
+version = "2.18.4"
+description = "Core functionality for Pydantic validation and serialization"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
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+    {file = "pydantic_core-2.18.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ec3beeada09ff865c344ff3bc2f427f5e6c26401cc6113d77e372c3fdac73864"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+typing-extensions = ">=4.6.0,<4.7.0 || >4.7.0"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "pydantic-extra-types"
+version = "2.8.1"
+description = "Extra Pydantic types."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+files = [
+    {file = "pydantic_extra_types-2.8.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:ca3fce71ee46bc1043bdf3d0e3c149a09ab162cb305c4ed8c501a5034a592dd6"},
+    {file = "pydantic_extra_types-2.8.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:c7cabe403234658207dcefed3489f2e8bfc8f4a8e305e7ab25ee29eceed65b39"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+pydantic = ">=2.5.2"
+
+[package.extras]
+all = ["pendulum (>=3.0.0,<4.0.0)", "phonenumbers (>=8,<9)", "pycountry (>=23)", "python-ulid (>=1,<2)", "python-ulid (>=1,<3)"]
+pendulum = ["pendulum (>=3.0.0,<4.0.0)"]
+phonenumbers = ["phonenumbers (>=8,<9)"]
+pycountry = ["pycountry (>=23)"]
+python-ulid = ["python-ulid (>=1,<2)", "python-ulid (>=1,<3)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pydub"
@@ -8788,4 +8935,4 @@ testing = ["coverage (>=5.0.3)", "zope.event", "zope.testing"]
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "2.0"
 python-versions = "^3.10"
-content-hash = "509e7821d929dd859378b5b45285469dc6d6b358b2175df30188492fb8cea485"
+content-hash = "6845b0f3a5b5be84d32a9a79f23d389d1502cc70f5530becb313fa8b2268448f"
diff --git a/api/pyproject.toml b/api/pyproject.toml
index d9d785dda7..a5ee32bdee 100644
--- a/api/pyproject.toml
+++ b/api/pyproject.toml
@@ -167,7 +167,9 @@ azure-storage-blob = "12.13.0"
 azure-identity = "1.15.0"
 lxml = "5.1.0"
 xlrd = "~2.0.1"
-pydantic = "~1.10.0"
+pydantic = "~2.7.3"
+pydantic_extra_types = "~2.8.0"
+bump-pydantic = "~0.8.0"
 pgvecto-rs = "0.1.4"
 firecrawl-py = "0.0.5"
 oss2 = "2.18.5"
diff --git a/api/requirements.txt b/api/requirements.txt
index f17f56aca3..c0f6b2a824 100644
--- a/api/requirements.txt
+++ b/api/requirements.txt
@@ -75,7 +75,9 @@ qrcode~=7.4.2
 azure-storage-blob==12.13.0
 azure-identity==1.15.0
 lxml==5.1.0
-pydantic~=1.10.0
+pydantic~=2.7.3
+pydantic_extra_types~=2.8.0
+bump-pydantic~=0.8.0
 pgvecto-rs==0.1.4
 firecrawl-py==0.0.5
 oss2==2.18.5
diff --git a/api/services/entities/model_provider_entities.py b/api/services/entities/model_provider_entities.py
index 77bb5e08c3..853172ea13 100644
--- a/api/services/entities/model_provider_entities.py
+++ b/api/services/entities/model_provider_entities.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from enum import Enum
 from typing import Optional
 
 from flask import current_app
-from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
 
 from core.entities.model_entities import ModelWithProviderEntity, ProviderModelWithStatusEntity
 from core.entities.provider_entities import QuotaConfiguration
@@ -61,6 +61,9 @@ class ProviderResponse(BaseModel):
     custom_configuration: CustomConfigurationResponse
     system_configuration: SystemConfigurationResponse
 
+    # pydantic configs
+    model_config = ConfigDict(protected_namespaces=())
+
     def __init__(self, **data) -> None:
         super().__init__(**data)
 
@@ -139,6 +142,9 @@ class DefaultModelResponse(BaseModel):
     model_type: ModelType
     provider: SimpleProviderEntityResponse
 
+    # pydantic configs
+    model_config = ConfigDict(protected_namespaces=())
+
 
 class ModelWithProviderEntityResponse(ModelWithProviderEntity):
     """
@@ -147,4 +153,4 @@ class ModelWithProviderEntityResponse(ModelWithProviderEntity):
     provider: SimpleProviderEntityResponse
 
     def __init__(self, model: ModelWithProviderEntity) -> None:
-        super().__init__(**model.dict())
+        super().__init__(**model.model_dump())
diff --git a/api/services/feature_service.py b/api/services/feature_service.py
index 36cbc3902b..07d1448bf2 100644
--- a/api/services/feature_service.py
+++ b/api/services/feature_service.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from flask import current_app
-from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
 
 from services.billing_service import BillingService
 from services.enterprise.enterprise_service import EnterpriseService
@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ class FeatureModel(BaseModel):
     can_replace_logo: bool = False
     model_load_balancing_enabled: bool = False
 
+    # pydantic configs
+    model_config = ConfigDict(protected_namespaces=())
+
 
 class SystemFeatureModel(BaseModel):
     sso_enforced_for_signin: bool = False
diff --git a/api/tests/unit_tests/core/rag/datasource/vdb/milvus/test_milvus.py b/api/tests/unit_tests/core/rag/datasource/vdb/milvus/test_milvus.py
index 9abc07fae5..9e43b23658 100644
--- a/api/tests/unit_tests/core/rag/datasource/vdb/milvus/test_milvus.py
+++ b/api/tests/unit_tests/core/rag/datasource/vdb/milvus/test_milvus.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ def test_default_value():
         del config[key]
         with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as e:
             MilvusConfig(**config)
-        assert e.value.errors()[1]['msg'] == f'config MILVUS_{key.upper()} is required'
+        assert e.value.errors()[0]['msg'] == f'Value error, config MILVUS_{key.upper()} is required'
 
     config = MilvusConfig(**valid_config)
     assert config.secure is False