eigen/unsupported/Eigen/CXX11/src/Tensor/TensorContraction.h

// This file is part of Eigen, a lightweight C++ template library
// for linear algebra.
//
// Copyright (C) 2014 Benoit Steiner <benoit.steiner.goog@gmail.com>
//
// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla
// Public License v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed
// with this file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.

#ifndef EIGEN_CXX11_TENSOR_TENSOR_CONTRACTION_H
#define EIGEN_CXX11_TENSOR_TENSOR_CONTRACTION_H

namespace Eigen {

/** \class TensorContraction
  * \ingroup CXX11_Tensor_Module
  *
  * \brief Tensor contraction class.
  *
  *
  */
namespace internal {
#if defined(EIGEN_VECTORIZE_AVX) && defined(EIGEN_USE_LIBXSMM)
template<typename Scalar, typename Index>
void pack_simple(Scalar * dst, const Scalar * src, Index cols, Index rows, Index lddst, Index ldsrc) {
  size_t psize = packet_traits<Scalar>::size;           // Packet size
  typedef typename packet_traits<Scalar>::type Packet;  // Packet type
  size_t alignment = psize*sizeof(Scalar);              // Needed alignment
  if (rows % psize == 0 && (lddst*sizeof(Scalar)) % alignment == 0 &&
     (ldsrc*sizeof(Scalar)) % alignment == 0 &&
     reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(src) % alignment == 0 &&
     reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(dst) % alignment == 0) {
    // Optimized version using packets
    size_t num_packets = rows / psize;
    for (Index col = 0; col < cols; ++col) {
      EIGEN_ASM_COMMENT("begin pack_simple inner copy");
      // Unrolled manually 4 times.
      for (size_t i=0; i < num_packets/4; ++i) {
        internal::pstore(dst, internal::pload<Packet>(src));
        dst += psize; src += psize;
        internal::pstore(dst, internal::pload<Packet>(src));
        dst += psize; src += psize;
        internal::pstore(dst, internal::pload<Packet>(src));
        dst += psize; src += psize;
        internal::pstore(dst, internal::pload<Packet>(src));
        dst += psize; src += psize;
      }
      for (size_t i=0; i < num_packets%4; ++i) {
        internal::pstore(dst, internal::pload<Packet>(src));
        dst += psize; src += psize;
      }
      dst += lddst - num_packets*psize;
      src += ldsrc - num_packets*psize;
      EIGEN_ASM_COMMENT("end pack_simple inner copy");
    }
  } else {
    // Naive memcpy calls
    for (Index col = 0; col < cols; ++col) {
      memcpy(dst + col*lddst, src + col*ldsrc, rows*sizeof(Scalar));
    }
  }
}

template<typename LhsScalar, typename RhsScalar, typename Scalar>
  struct libxsmm_wrapper {
    libxsmm_wrapper() {}
    libxsmm_wrapper(int, int, int, int, int, int, int, float, float, int) {}
    void operator()(const LhsScalar*, const RhsScalar*, Scalar*) {}
    void operator()(const LhsScalar*, const RhsScalar*, Scalar*, const LhsScalar*, const RhsScalar*, const Scalar*) {}
  };

  template<>
  struct libxsmm_wrapper<float, float, float>: public libxsmm_mmfunction<float> {
    libxsmm_wrapper(): libxsmm_mmfunction() {}
    libxsmm_wrapper(int flags, int m, int n, int k, int lda, int ldb, int ldc, float alpha, float beta, int prefetch) :
        libxsmm_mmfunction(flags, m, n, k, lda, ldb, ldc, alpha, beta, prefetch) {}
  };

  template<>
  struct libxsmm_wrapper<double, double, double>: public libxsmm_mmfunction<double> {
    libxsmm_wrapper(): libxsmm_mmfunction() {}
    libxsmm_wrapper(int flags, int m, int n, int k, int lda, int ldb, int ldc, float alpha, float beta, int prefetch) :
        libxsmm_mmfunction(flags, m, n, k, lda, ldb, ldc, alpha, beta, prefetch) {}
  };
#endif


template<typename Dimensions, typename LhsXprType, typename RhsXprType, typename OutputKernelType>
struct traits<TensorContractionOp<Dimensions, LhsXprType, RhsXprType, OutputKernelType> >
{
  // Type promotion to handle the case where the types of the lhs and the rhs are different.
  typedef typename gebp_traits<typename remove_const<typename LhsXprType::Scalar>::type,
                               typename remove_const<typename RhsXprType::Scalar>::type>::ResScalar Scalar;

  typedef typename promote_storage_type<typename traits<LhsXprType>::StorageKind,
                                        typename traits<RhsXprType>::StorageKind>::ret StorageKind;
  typedef typename promote_index_type<typename traits<LhsXprType>::Index,
                                      typename traits<RhsXprType>::Index>::type Index;
  typedef typename LhsXprType::Nested LhsNested;
  typedef typename RhsXprType::Nested RhsNested;
  typedef typename remove_reference<LhsNested>::type _LhsNested;
  typedef typename remove_reference<RhsNested>::type _RhsNested;

  // From NumDims below.
  static const int NumDimensions = traits<RhsXprType>::NumDimensions + traits<RhsXprType>::NumDimensions - 2 * array_size<Dimensions>::value;
  static const int Layout = traits<LhsXprType>::Layout;
  typedef typename conditional<Pointer_type_promotion<typename LhsXprType::Scalar, Scalar>::val,
  typename traits<LhsXprType>::PointerType, typename traits<RhsXprType>::PointerType>::type PointerType;

  enum {
    Flags = 0
  };
};

template<typename Dimensions, typename LhsXprType, typename RhsXprType, typename OutputKernelType>
struct eval<TensorContractionOp<Dimensions, LhsXprType, RhsXprType, OutputKernelType>, Eigen::Dense>
{
  typedef const TensorContractionOp<Dimensions, LhsXprType, RhsXprType, OutputKernelType>& type;
};

template<typename Dimensions, typename LhsXprType, typename RhsXprType, typename OutputKernelType>
struct nested<TensorContractionOp<Dimensions, LhsXprType, RhsXprType, OutputKernelType>, 1, typename eval<TensorContractionOp<Dimensions, LhsXprType, RhsXprType, OutputKernelType> >::type>
{
  typedef TensorContractionOp<Dimensions, LhsXprType, RhsXprType, OutputKernelType> type;
};

template<typename Indices_, typename LeftArgType_, typename RightArgType_, typename OutputKernelType_, typename Device_>
struct traits<TensorEvaluator<const TensorContractionOp<Indices_, LeftArgType_, RightArgType_, OutputKernelType_>, Device_> > {
  typedef Indices_ Indices;
  typedef LeftArgType_ LeftArgType;
  typedef RightArgType_ RightArgType;
  typedef OutputKernelType_ OutputKernelType;
  typedef Device_ Device;

  // From NumDims below.
  static const int NumDimensions = traits<LeftArgType_>::NumDimensions + traits<RightArgType_>::NumDimensions - 2 * array_size<Indices_>::value;
};

}  // end namespace internal

// Tensor contraction params that should enable to get from output matrix
// 2-dimensional coordinates to the output tensor dimensions.
struct TensorContractionParams {
  // TensorContraction evaluator assumes that both tensors are in ColMajor
  // layout, if tensors are in RowMajor evaluator swap lhs with rhs.
  bool swapped_arguments;
};

// Output kernel allows to fuse operations into the tensor contraction.
//
// Examples:
//   1. Elementwise Relu transformation following Conv2D.
//   2. AddBias to the Conv2D output channels dimension.
//
// See expected implementation in NoOpOutputKernel.
struct OutputKernel {
  template <typename Index, typename Scalar>
  typedef internal::blas_data_mapper<Scalar, Index, ColMajor> OutputMapper;
};

// Output kernel that does absolutely nothing.
struct NoOpOutputKernel {
  /**
   * Tensor contraction evaluator calls this kernel after finishing each block
   * of output matrix. Output blocks belong to the 2-dimensional output tensor.
   *
   * TensorContractionParams contains contraction dimensions information
   * required to map output 2-d space into the expected output tensor space
   * (potentially higher dimensional).
   *
   * \param[in] output_mapper Access to output tensor memory
   * \param[in] params   Tensor contraction parameters
   * \param[in] i        Index of a first row available through output_mapper
   * \param[in] j        Index of a first column available through output_mapper
   * \param[in] num_rows Number of available rows
   * \param[in] num_cols Number of available columns
   */
  template <typename Index, typename Scalar>
  EIGEN_ALWAYS_INLINE void operator()(
      const OutputKernel::OutputMapper<Index, Scalar>& /*output_mapper*/,
      const TensorContractionParams& /*params*/, Index /*i*/,
      Index /*j*/, Index /*num_rows*/, Index /*num_cols*/) const {}
};

template<typename Indices, typename LhsXprType, typename RhsXprType, typename OutputKernelType = const NoOpOutputKernel>
class TensorContractionOp : public TensorBase<TensorContractionOp<Indices, LhsXprType, RhsXprType, OutputKernelType>, ReadOnlyAccessors>
{
  public:
  typedef typename Eigen::internal::traits<TensorContractionOp>::Scalar Scalar;
  typedef typename internal::gebp_traits<typename LhsXprType::CoeffReturnType,
                                                   typename RhsXprType::CoeffReturnType>::ResScalar CoeffReturnType;
  typedef typename Eigen::internal::nested<TensorContractionOp>::type Nested;
  typedef typename Eigen::internal::traits<TensorContractionOp>::StorageKind StorageKind;
  typedef typename Eigen::internal::traits<TensorContractionOp>::Index Index;

  EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC EIGEN_STRONG_INLINE TensorContractionOp(
      const LhsXprType& lhs, const RhsXprType& rhs, const Indices& dims,
      const OutputKernelType& output_kernel = OutputKernelType())
      : m_lhs_xpr(lhs), m_rhs_xpr(rhs), m_indices(dims),
        m_output_kernel(output_kernel) {}

  EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC
  const Indices& indices() const { return m_indices; }

  /** \returns the nested expressions */
  EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC
  const typename internal::remove_all<typename LhsXprType::Nested>::type&
  lhsExpression() const { return m_lhs_xpr; }

  EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC
  const typename internal::remove_all<typename RhsXprType::Nested>::type&
  rhsExpression() const { return m_rhs_xpr; }

  EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC
  const OutputKernelType& outputKernel() const { return m_output_kernel; }

  protected:
    typename LhsXprType::Nested m_lhs_xpr;
    typename RhsXprType::Nested m_rhs_xpr;
    const Indices m_indices;
    const OutputKernelType m_output_kernel;
};


template<typename Derived>
struct TensorContractionEvaluatorBase
{
  typedef typename internal::traits<Derived>::Indices Indices;
  typedef typename internal::traits<Derived>::LeftArgType LeftArgType;
  typedef typename internal::traits<Derived>::RightArgType RightArgType;
  typedef typename internal::traits<Derived>::OutputKernelType OutputKernelType;
  typedef typename internal::traits<Derived>::Device Device;

  typedef TensorContractionOp<Indices, LeftArgType, RightArgType, OutputKernelType> XprType;
  typedef typename internal::remove_const<typename XprType::Scalar>::type Scalar;
  typedef typename XprType::Index Index;
  typedef typename XprType::CoeffReturnType CoeffReturnType;
  typedef typename PacketType<CoeffReturnType, Device>::type PacketReturnType;

  enum {
    IsAligned = true,
    PacketAccess = (PacketType<CoeffReturnType, Device>::size > 1),
    BlockAccess = false,
    Layout = TensorEvaluator<LeftArgType, Device>::Layout,
    CoordAccess = false,  // to be implemented
    RawAccess = true
  };

  // Most of the code is assuming that both input tensors are ColMajor. If the
  // inputs are RowMajor, we will "cheat" by swapping the LHS and RHS:
  // If we want to compute A * B = C, where A is LHS and B is RHS, the code
  // will pretend B is LHS and A is RHS.
  typedef typename internal::conditional<
    static_cast<int>(Layout) == static_cast<int>(ColMajor), LeftArgType, RightArgType>::type EvalLeftArgType;
  typedef typename internal::conditional<
    static_cast<int>(Layout) == static_cast<int>(ColMajor), RightArgType, LeftArgType>::type EvalRightArgType;

  static const int LDims =
      internal::array_size<typename TensorEvaluator<EvalLeftArgType, Device>::Dimensions>::value;
  static const int RDims =
      internal::array_size<typename TensorEvaluator<EvalRightArgType, Device>::Dimensions>::value;
  static const int ContractDims = internal::array_size<Indices>::value;
  static const int NumDims = LDims + RDims - 2 * ContractDims;

  typedef array<Index, ContractDims> contract_t;
  typedef array<Index, LDims - ContractDims> left_nocontract_t;
  typedef array<Index, RDims - ContractDims> right_nocontract_t;

  typedef DSizes<Index, NumDims> Dimensions;

  EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC EIGEN_STRONG_INLINE
  TensorContractionEvaluatorBase(const XprType& op, const Device& device)
    : m_leftImpl(choose(Cond<static_cast<int>(Layout) == static_cast<int>(ColMajor)>(),
                          op.lhsExpression(), op.rhsExpression()), device),
    m_rightImpl(choose(Cond<static_cast<int>(Layout) == static_cast<int>(ColMajor)>(),
                          op.rhsExpression(), op.lhsExpression()), device),
        m_device(device),
        m_output_kernel(op.outputKernel()),
        m_result(NULL) {
    EIGEN_STATIC_ASSERT((static_cast<int>(TensorEvaluator<LeftArgType, Device>::Layout) ==
         static_cast<int>(TensorEvaluator<RightArgType, Device>::Layout)),
                        YOU_MADE_A_PROGRAMMING_MISTAKE);


    DSizes<Index, LDims> eval_left_dims;
    DSizes<Index, RDims> eval_right_dims;
    array<IndexPair<Index>, ContractDims> eval_op_indices;
    if (static_cast<int>(Layout) == static_cast<int>(ColMajor)) {
      // For ColMajor, we keep using the existing dimensions
      for (int i = 0; i < LDims; i++) {
        eval_left_dims[i] = m_leftImpl.dimensions()[i];
      }
      for (int i = 0; i < RDims; i++) {
        eval_right_dims[i] = m_rightImpl.dimensions()[i];
      }
      // We keep the pairs of contracting indices.
      for (int i = 0; i < ContractDims; i++) {
        eval_op_indices[i].first = op.indices()[i].first;
        eval_op_indices[i].second = op.indices()[i].second;
      }
    } else {
      // For RowMajor, we need to reverse the existing dimensions
      for (int i = 0; i < LDims; i++) {
        eval_left_dims[i] = m_leftImpl.dimensions()[LDims - i - 1];
      }
      for (int i = 0; i < RDims; i++) {
        eval_right_dims[i] = m_rightImpl.dimensions()[RDims - i - 1];
      }
      // We need to flip all the pairs of contracting indices as well as
      // reversing the dimensions.
      for (int i = 0; i < ContractDims; i++) {
        eval_op_indices[i].first = LDims - 1 - op.indices()[ContractDims - 1 - i].second;
        eval_op_indices[i].second = RDims - 1 - op.indices()[ContractDims - 1 - i].first;
      }
    }

    // Check for duplicate axes and make sure the first index in eval_op_indices
    // is increasing. Using O(n^2) sorting is OK since ContractDims is small
    for (int i = 0; i < ContractDims; i++) {
      for (int j = i + 1; j < ContractDims; j++) {
        eigen_assert(eval_op_indices[j].first != eval_op_indices[i].first &&
                     eval_op_indices[j].second != eval_op_indices[i].second &&
                     "contraction axes should be unique");
        if (eval_op_indices[j].first < eval_op_indices[i].first) {
          numext::swap(eval_op_indices[j], eval_op_indices[i]);
        }
      }
    }

    array<Index, LDims> lhs_strides;
    lhs_strides[0] = 1;
    for (int i = 0; i < LDims-1; ++i) {
      lhs_strides[i+1] = lhs_strides[i] * eval_left_dims[i];
    }

    array<Index, RDims> rhs_strides;
    rhs_strides[0] = 1;
    for (int i = 0; i < RDims-1; ++i) {
      rhs_strides[i+1] = rhs_strides[i] * eval_right_dims[i];
    }

    if (m_i_strides.size() > 0) m_i_strides[0] = 1;
    if (m_j_strides.size() > 0) m_j_strides[0] = 1;
    if (m_k_strides.size() > 0) m_k_strides[0] = 1;

    m_i_size = 1;
    m_j_size = 1;
    m_k_size = 1;

    // To compute the dimension, we simply concatenate the non-contracting
    // dimensions of the left and then the right tensor. Additionally, we also
    // compute the strides corresponding to the left non-contracting
    // dimensions and right non-contracting dimensions.
    m_lhs_inner_dim_contiguous = true;
    int dim_idx = 0;
    unsigned int nocontract_idx = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < LDims; i++) {
      // find if we are contracting on index i of left tensor
      bool contracting = false;
      for (int j = 0; j < ContractDims; j++) {
        if (eval_op_indices[j].first == i) {
          contracting = true;
          break;
        }
      }
      if (!contracting) {
        // add dimension size to output dimensions
        m_dimensions[dim_idx] = eval_left_dims[i];
        m_left_nocontract_strides[nocontract_idx] = lhs_strides[i];
        if (dim_idx != i) {
          m_lhs_inner_dim_contiguous = false;
        }
        if (nocontract_idx+1 < internal::array_size<left_nocontract_t>::value) {
          m_i_strides[nocontract_idx+1] =
              m_i_strides[nocontract_idx] * eval_left_dims[i];
        } else {
          m_i_size = m_i_strides[nocontract_idx] * eval_left_dims[i];
        }
        dim_idx++;
        nocontract_idx++;
      }
    }

    nocontract_idx = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < RDims; i++) {
      bool contracting = false;
      // find if we are contracting on index i of right tensor
      for (int j = 0; j < ContractDims; j++) {
        if (eval_op_indices[j].second == i) {
          contracting = true;
          break;
        }
      }
      if (!contracting) {
        m_dimensions[dim_idx] = eval_right_dims[i];
        if (nocontract_idx+1 < internal::array_size<right_nocontract_t>::value) {
          m_j_strides[nocontract_idx+1] =
              m_j_strides[nocontract_idx] * eval_right_dims[i];
        } else {
          m_j_size = m_j_strides[nocontract_idx] * eval_right_dims[i];
        }
        m_right_nocontract_strides[nocontract_idx] = rhs_strides[i];
        dim_idx++;
        nocontract_idx++;
      }
    }

    // Now compute the strides corresponding to the contracting dimensions. We
    // assumed above that non-contracting axes are represented in the same order
    // in the matrix as they are in the tensor. This is not the case for
    // contracting axes. As the contracting axes must be of the same size in
    // each tensor, we'll only look at the first tensor here.
    m_rhs_inner_dim_contiguous = true;
    m_rhs_inner_dim_reordered = false;
    for (int i = 0; i < ContractDims; i++) {
      Index left = eval_op_indices[i].first;
      Index right = eval_op_indices[i].second;

      Index size = eval_left_dims[left];
      eigen_assert(size == eval_right_dims[right] &&
                   "Contraction axes must be same size");

      if (i+1 < static_cast<int>(internal::array_size<contract_t>::value)) {
        m_k_strides[i+1] = m_k_strides[i] * size;
      } else {
        m_k_size = m_k_strides[i] * size;
      }
      m_left_contracting_strides[i] = lhs_strides[left];
      m_right_contracting_strides[i] = rhs_strides[right];

      if (i > 0 && right < eval_op_indices[i-1].second) {
        m_rhs_inner_dim_reordered = true;
      }
      if (right != i) {
        m_rhs_inner_dim_contiguous = false;
      }
    }

    EnableXSMMIfPossible(eval_op_indices);

    // If the layout is RowMajor, we need to reverse the m_dimensions
    if (static_cast<int>(Layout) == static_cast<int>(RowMajor)) {
      for (int i = 0, j = NumDims - 1; i < j; i++, j--) {
        numext::swap(m_dimensions[i], m_dimensions[j]);
      }
    }

    // A set of parameters that will allow output kernel to get from output
    // tensor dimensions (i, j) into the original tensor dimensions.
    // TODO(ezhulenev): Add parameters required to infer output tensor index for
    // more complex contractions than 2x2 on internal dimension.
    m_tensor_contraction_params.swapped_arguments = static_cast<int>(Layout) == RowMajor;
  }

  EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC EIGEN_STRONG_INLINE const Dimensions& dimensions() const { return m_dimensions; }

  EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC EIGEN_STRONG_INLINE bool evalSubExprsIfNeeded(Scalar * data) {
    m_leftImpl.evalSubExprsIfNeeded(NULL);
    m_rightImpl.evalSubExprsIfNeeded(NULL);
    if (data) {
      evalTo(data);
      return false;
    } else {
      m_result = static_cast<Scalar *>(m_device.allocate(dimensions().TotalSize() * sizeof(Scalar)));
      evalTo(m_result);
      return true;
    }
  }

#define TENSOR_CONTRACTION_DISPATCH(METHOD, ALIGNMENT, ARGS)   \
    if (this->m_lhs_inner_dim_contiguous) { \
      if (this->m_rhs_inner_dim_contiguous) { \
        if (this->m_rhs_inner_dim_reordered) { \
          METHOD<true, true, true, ALIGNMENT>ARGS;    \
        } \
        else { \
          METHOD<true, true, false, ALIGNMENT>ARGS; \
        } \
      } \
      else { \
       if (this->m_rhs_inner_dim_reordered) { \
          METHOD<true, false, true, ALIGNMENT>ARGS; \
        } \
        else { \
          METHOD<true, false, false, ALIGNMENT>ARGS; \
        } \
      } \
    } \
    else { \
      if (this->m_rhs_inner_dim_contiguous) { \
        if (this->m_rhs_inner_dim_reordered) { \
          METHOD<false, true, true, ALIGNMENT>ARGS; \
        } \
        else { \
          METHOD<false, true, false, ALIGNMENT>ARGS; \
        } \
      } \
      else { \
       if (this->m_rhs_inner_dim_reordered) { \
          METHOD<false, false, true, ALIGNMENT>ARGS; \
        } \
        else { \
          METHOD<false, false, false, ALIGNMENT>ARGS; \
        } \
      } \
    }

  EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC void evalTo(Scalar* buffer) const {
   static_cast<const Derived*>(this)->template evalProduct<Unaligned>(buffer);
  }

  template <bool lhs_inner_dim_contiguous, bool rhs_inner_dim_contiguous,
            bool rhs_inner_dim_reordered, int Alignment>
  void evalProductSequential(Scalar* buffer) const {
    if (this->m_j_size == 1) {
      this->template evalGemv<lhs_inner_dim_contiguous,
                              rhs_inner_dim_contiguous, rhs_inner_dim_reordered,
                              Alignment>(buffer);
    } else {
      this->template evalGemm<lhs_inner_dim_contiguous, rhs_inner_dim_contiguous,
                              rhs_inner_dim_reordered, Alignment>(buffer);
    }
  }

  template <bool lhs_inner_dim_contiguous, bool rhs_inner_dim_contiguous, bool rhs_inner_dim_reordered, int Alignment>
  #if !defined(EIGEN_HIPCC)
  EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC
  #endif
  void evalGemv(Scalar* buffer) const {
    const Index rows = m_i_size;
    const Index cols = m_k_size;

    typedef typename internal::remove_const<typename EvalLeftArgType::Scalar>::type LhsScalar;
    typedef typename internal::remove_const<typename EvalRightArgType::Scalar>::type RhsScalar;
    typedef TensorEvaluator<EvalLeftArgType, Device> LeftEvaluator;
    typedef TensorEvaluator<EvalRightArgType, Device> RightEvaluator;
    const Index lhs_packet_size = internal::unpacket_traits<typename LeftEvaluator::PacketReturnType>::size;
    const Index rhs_packet_size = internal::unpacket_traits<typename RightEvaluator::PacketReturnType>::size;
    const int lhs_alignment = LeftEvaluator::IsAligned ? Aligned : Unaligned;
    const int rhs_alignment = RightEvaluator::IsAligned ? Aligned : Unaligned;
    typedef internal::TensorContractionInputMapper<LhsScalar, Index, internal::Lhs,
                                                   LeftEvaluator, left_nocontract_t,
                                                   contract_t, lhs_packet_size,
                                                   lhs_inner_dim_contiguous,
                                                   false, lhs_alignment> LhsMapper;

    typedef internal::TensorContractionInputMapper<RhsScalar, Index, internal::Rhs,
                                                   RightEvaluator, right_nocontract_t,
                                                   contract_t, rhs_packet_size,
                                                   rhs_inner_dim_contiguous,
                                                   rhs_inner_dim_reordered, rhs_alignment> RhsMapper;

    LhsMapper lhs(m_leftImpl, m_left_nocontract_strides, m_i_strides,
                  m_left_contracting_strides, m_k_strides);
    RhsMapper rhs(m_rightImpl, m_right_nocontract_strides, m_j_strides,
                  m_right_contracting_strides, m_k_strides);

    const Scalar alpha(1);
    const Index resIncr(1);

    // zero out the result buffer (which must be of size at least rows * sizeof(Scalar)
    m_device.memset(buffer, 0, rows * sizeof(Scalar));

    internal::general_matrix_vector_product<Index,LhsScalar,LhsMapper,ColMajor,false,RhsScalar,RhsMapper,false>::run(
        rows, cols, lhs, rhs,
        buffer, resIncr, alpha);

    typedef internal::blas_data_mapper<Scalar, Index, ColMajor> OutputMapper;
    m_output_kernel(OutputMapper(buffer, rows), m_tensor_contraction_params,
                    static_cast<Index>(0), static_cast<Index>(0), rows,
                    static_cast<Index>(1));
  }

  template <bool lhs_inner_dim_contiguous, bool rhs_inner_dim_contiguous, bool rhs_inner_dim_reordered, int Alignment>
  #if !defined(EIGEN_HIPCC)
  EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC
  #endif
  void evalGemm(Scalar* buffer) const {
    #if defined(EIGEN_VECTORIZE_AVX) && defined(EIGEN_USE_LIBXSMM)
    if (m_can_use_xsmm) {
      evalGemmXSMM(buffer);
      return;
    }
    #endif

    // columns in left side, rows in right side
    const Index k = this->m_k_size;

    // rows in left side
    const Index m = this->m_i_size;

    // columns in right side
    const Index n = this->m_j_size;

    // zero out the result buffer (which must be of size at least m * n * sizeof(Scalar)
    this->m_device.memset(buffer, 0, m * n * sizeof(Scalar));

    // define mr, nr, and all of my data mapper types
    typedef typename internal::remove_const<typename EvalLeftArgType::Scalar>::type LhsScalar;
    typedef typename internal::remove_const<typename EvalRightArgType::Scalar>::type RhsScalar;
    typedef typename internal::gebp_traits<LhsScalar, RhsScalar> Traits;

    const Index nr = Traits::nr;
    const Index mr = Traits::mr;

    typedef TensorEvaluator<EvalLeftArgType, Device> LeftEvaluator;
    typedef TensorEvaluator<EvalRightArgType, Device> RightEvaluator;

    const Index lhs_packet_size = internal::unpacket_traits<typename LeftEvaluator::PacketReturnType>::size;
    const Index rhs_packet_size = internal::unpacket_traits<typename RightEvaluator::PacketReturnType>::size;

    typedef internal::TensorContractionInputMapper<LhsScalar, Index, internal::Lhs,
                                                   LeftEvaluator, left_nocontract_t,
                                                   contract_t, lhs_packet_size,
                                                   lhs_inner_dim_contiguous,
                                                   false, Unaligned> LhsMapper;

    typedef internal::TensorContractionInputMapper<RhsScalar, Index, internal::Rhs,
                                                   RightEvaluator, right_nocontract_t,
                                                   contract_t, rhs_packet_size,
                                                   rhs_inner_dim_contiguous,
                                                   rhs_inner_dim_reordered, Unaligned> RhsMapper;

    typedef internal::blas_data_mapper<Scalar, Index, ColMajor> OutputMapper;

    // Declare GEBP packing and kernel structs
    internal::gemm_pack_lhs<LhsScalar, Index, typename LhsMapper::SubMapper, mr, Traits::LhsProgress, ColMajor> pack_lhs;
    internal::gemm_pack_rhs<RhsScalar, Index, typename RhsMapper::SubMapper, nr, ColMajor> pack_rhs;

    internal::gebp_kernel<LhsScalar, RhsScalar, Index, OutputMapper, mr, nr, false, false> gebp;

    // initialize data mappers
    LhsMapper lhs(this->m_leftImpl, this->m_left_nocontract_strides, this->m_i_strides,
                  this->m_left_contracting_strides, this->m_k_strides);

    RhsMapper rhs(this->m_rightImpl, this->m_right_nocontract_strides, this->m_j_strides,
                  this->m_right_contracting_strides, this->m_k_strides);

    OutputMapper output(buffer, m);

    // Sizes of the blocks to load in cache. See the Goto paper for details.
    internal::TensorContractionBlocking<LhsScalar, RhsScalar, Index, internal::ShardByCol> blocking(k, m, n, 1);
    const Index kc = blocking.kc();
    const Index mc = numext::mini(m, blocking.mc());
    const Index nc = numext::mini(n, blocking.nc());
    const Index sizeA = mc * kc;
    const Index sizeB = kc * nc;

    LhsScalar* blockA = static_cast<LhsScalar *>(this->m_device.allocate(sizeA * sizeof(LhsScalar)));
    RhsScalar* blockB = static_cast<RhsScalar *>(this->m_device.allocate(sizeB * sizeof(RhsScalar)));

    for(Index i2=0; i2<m; i2+=mc)
    {
      const Index actual_mc = numext::mini(i2+mc,m)-i2;
      for (Index k2 = 0; k2 < k; k2 += kc) {
        // make sure we don't overshoot right edge of left matrix, then pack vertical panel
        const Index actual_kc = numext::mini(k2 + kc, k) - k2;
        pack_lhs(blockA, lhs.getSubMapper(i2, k2), actual_kc, actual_mc, 0, 0);

        // series of horizontal blocks
        for (Index j2 = 0; j2 < n; j2 += nc) {
          // make sure we don't overshoot right edge of right matrix, then pack block
          const Index actual_nc = numext::mini(j2 + nc, n) - j2;
          pack_rhs(blockB, rhs.getSubMapper(k2, j2), actual_kc, actual_nc, 0, 0);

          // call gebp (matrix kernel)
          // The parameters here are copied from Eigen's GEMM implementation
          const auto output_mapper = output.getSubMapper(i2, j2);
          gebp(output_mapper, blockA, blockB, actual_mc, actual_kc, actual_nc,
               Scalar(1), -1, -1, 0, 0);

          // We are done with this [i2, j2] output block.
          if (k2 + kc >= k) {
            m_output_kernel(output_mapper, m_tensor_contraction_params, i2, j2,
                            actual_mc, actual_nc);
          }
        }
      }
    }

    this->m_device.deallocate(blockA);
    this->m_device.deallocate(blockB);
  }

  EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC EIGEN_STRONG_INLINE void cleanup() {
    m_leftImpl.cleanup();
    m_rightImpl.cleanup();

    if (m_result != NULL) {
      m_device.deallocate(m_result);
      m_result = NULL;
    }
  }

  EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC EIGEN_STRONG_INLINE CoeffReturnType coeff(Index index) const {
    return m_result[index];
  }

  EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC EIGEN_STRONG_INLINE TensorOpCost costPerCoeff(bool) const {
    return TensorOpCost(sizeof(CoeffReturnType), 0, 0);
  }

  template<int LoadMode>
  EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC EIGEN_STRONG_INLINE PacketReturnType packet(Index index) const {
    return internal::ploadt<PacketReturnType, LoadMode>(m_result + index);
  }

  EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC EIGEN_STRONG_INLINE typename Eigen::internal::traits<XprType>::PointerType data() const { return m_result; }

protected:
  EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC EIGEN_STRONG_INLINE void EnableXSMMIfPossible(const array<IndexPair<Index>, ContractDims>& eval_op_indices) {
    m_can_use_xsmm = false;

#if defined(EIGEN_VECTORIZE_AVX) && defined(EIGEN_USE_LIBXSMM)
    typedef typename internal::remove_const<typename EvalLeftArgType::Scalar>::type LhsScalar;
    typedef typename internal::remove_const<typename EvalRightArgType::Scalar>::type RhsScalar;
    if (!std::is_same<Scalar, LhsScalar>::value ||
        !std::is_same<Scalar, RhsScalar>::value ||
        !(std::is_same<Scalar, float>::value ||
          std::is_same<Scalar, double>::value) ||
        m_leftImpl.data() == NULL ||
        m_rightImpl.data() == NULL) {
      return;
    }

    // Check if we can use faster matmul algorithms. For contraction to be
    // equivalent to matmul, we need both lhs and rhs contracting dims sequences
    // to be either a prefix or suffix of all dims. Also, the order of both
    // must be the same, so we don't have to do reordering.
    // For example:
    // * OK: lhs 4D, rhs 4D, contraction: [(0, 2), (1, 3)]
    // * BAD: lhs 3D, rhs 3D, contraction: [(1,1)]
    // * BAD: lhs 3D, rhs 3D, contraction: [(0, 0), (2, 2)]
    // * BAD: lhs 3D, rhs 3D, contraction: [(0, 2), (1, 1)]
    // Depending if contraction dims are prefix or suffix of all dims we need to
    // pre-transpose matrices in matmul algorithm:
    // lhs: prefix -> transpose, suffix -> no transpose
    // rhs: prefix -> no transpose, suffix -> transpose
    // For example, for lhs 2D, rhs 2D, contraction [(1, 0)] is regular,
    // non-transposed matmul.
    if (ContractDims == 0) {
      // This case is totally uninteresting, filter it out to avoid problems
      // with iterations in further tests.
      return;
    }

    // Check if RHS dims list is increasing. LHS already is, so if not, the
    // order is different and we cannot do matmul.
    for (int i = 1; i < ContractDims; i++) {
      if (eval_op_indices[i].second < eval_op_indices[i-1].second) {
        return;
      }
    }

    // Check if no holes.
    int diff;
    for (int i = 1; i < ContractDims; i++) {
      // LHS contract dims are sorted to form an increasing seq.
      diff = eval_op_indices[i].first - eval_op_indices[i-1].first;
      if (diff != 1) {
        return;
      }
      // Now we may already assume RHS contract dims seq is increasing too.
      diff = eval_op_indices[i].second - eval_op_indices[i-1].second;
      if (diff != 1) {
        return;
      }
    }

    // Check if suffix or prefix.
    if (eval_op_indices[0].first != 0 &&
        eval_op_indices[ContractDims-1].first != LDims-1) {
      return;
    }
    if (eval_op_indices[0].second != 0 &&
        eval_op_indices[ContractDims-1].second != RDims-1) {
      return;
    }

    m_can_use_xsmm = true;
#else
    EIGEN_UNUSED_VARIABLE(eval_op_indices);
#endif
  }

#if defined(EIGEN_VECTORIZE_AVX) && defined(EIGEN_USE_LIBXSMM)
  EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC void evalGemmXSMM(Scalar* buffer) const {
    // columns in left side, rows in right side
    const Index k = this->m_k_size;

    // rows in left side
    const Index m = this->m_i_size;

    // columns in right side
    const Index n = this->m_j_size;

    const bool transposeA = !m_lhs_inner_dim_contiguous;
    const bool transposeB = !m_rhs_inner_dim_contiguous;

    typedef typename internal::remove_const<typename EvalLeftArgType::Scalar>::type LhsScalar;
    typedef typename internal::remove_const<typename EvalRightArgType::Scalar>::type RhsScalar;

    internal::TensorXsmmContractionBlocking<LhsScalar, RhsScalar, Index> blocking(
        k, m, n, 1, transposeA, transposeB);

    // Outer blocks sizes
    const Index mc_outer = blocking.outer_m();
    const Index nc_outer = blocking.outer_n();
    const Index kc_outer = blocking.outer_k();
    // Inner blocks sizes
    const Index mc = blocking.mc();
    const Index nc = blocking.nc();
    const Index kc = blocking.kc();
    // Decisions whether we should copy parts of matrices
    const bool copyA = blocking.copyA();
    const bool copyB = blocking.copyB();

    const LhsScalar* leftData = m_leftImpl.data();
    const RhsScalar* rightData = m_rightImpl.data();

    const libxsmm_blasint stride_A = static_cast<libxsmm_blasint>(transposeA ? k : m);
    const libxsmm_blasint stride_B = static_cast<libxsmm_blasint>(transposeB ? n : k);
    const libxsmm_blasint stride_C = static_cast<libxsmm_blasint>(m);

    const libxsmm_blasint stride_blockA = static_cast<libxsmm_blasint>(mc);
    // Use bigger stride to avoid hitting same cache line too often.
    // This consistently gives +~0.5 Gflops.
    const libxsmm_blasint stride_panelB = static_cast<libxsmm_blasint>(
        kc % 32 == 0 ? kc + 16 : kc
    );

    // Kernel for the general case (not edges)
    internal::libxsmm_wrapper<LhsScalar, RhsScalar, Scalar> kernel;

    LhsScalar* blockA = NULL;
    RhsScalar* panelB = NULL;

    if (copyA) {
      blockA = static_cast<LhsScalar*>(this->m_device.allocate(mc * kc * sizeof(LhsScalar)));
    }
    if (copyB) {
      panelB = static_cast<RhsScalar*>(this->m_device.allocate(nc_outer * stride_panelB * sizeof(RhsScalar)));
    }

    const Index kernel_stride_A = copyA ? stride_blockA : stride_A;
    const Index kernel_stride_B = copyB ? stride_panelB : stride_B;
    kernel = internal::libxsmm_wrapper<LhsScalar, RhsScalar, Scalar>(0, mc, nc, kc, kernel_stride_A, kernel_stride_B, stride_C, 1, 1, blocking.prefetch());

    // Outer blocking
    for (Index ki_outer = 0; ki_outer < k; ki_outer += kc_outer) {
      for (Index mi_outer = 0; mi_outer < m; mi_outer += mc_outer) {
        for (Index ni_outer = 0; ni_outer < n; ni_outer += nc_outer) {
          using numext::mini;

          Index actual_nc_outer = mini(ni_outer+nc_outer, n) - ni_outer;

          // Inner blocking
          for (Index ki = ki_outer; ki < mini(ki_outer+kc_outer, k); ki += kc) {
            const Index actual_kc = mini(ki_outer+kc_outer, mini(ki+kc, k)) - ki;
            const float beta = ki == 0 ? 0 : 1;

            if (copyB) {
              if (transposeB) {
                libxsmm_otrans(panelB, rightData + ki*stride_B + ni_outer, sizeof(RhsScalar), actual_nc_outer, actual_kc, stride_B, stride_panelB);
              } else {
                internal::pack_simple<RhsScalar, Index>(panelB, rightData + ni_outer*stride_B + ki, actual_nc_outer, actual_kc, stride_panelB, stride_B);
              }
            }

            for (Index mi = mi_outer; mi < mini(mi_outer+mc_outer, m); mi += mc) {
              const Index actual_mc = mini(mi_outer+mc_outer, mini(mi+mc, m)) - mi;

              const LhsScalar* a = transposeA ? leftData + mi*stride_A + ki :
                                                leftData + ki*stride_A + mi;

              if (copyA) {
                if (transposeA) {
                  libxsmm_otrans(blockA, a, sizeof(LhsScalar), actual_kc, actual_mc, stride_A, stride_blockA);
                } else {
                  internal::pack_simple<LhsScalar, Index>(blockA, a, actual_kc, actual_mc, stride_blockA, stride_A);
                }
              }
              const LhsScalar* actual_a = copyA ? blockA : a;

              for (Index ni = ni_outer; ni < mini(ni_outer+nc_outer, n); ni += nc) {
                const Index actual_nc = mini(ni_outer+nc_outer, mini(ni+nc, n)) - ni;

                const RhsScalar* b = rightData + ni*stride_B + ki;
                Scalar* c = buffer + ni*stride_C + mi;
                const Scalar* cp = c + nc*stride_C;

                const RhsScalar* actual_b = copyB ? panelB + (ni-ni_outer)*stride_panelB : b;
                const RhsScalar* bp = copyB ? panelB + nc*stride_panelB : b + nc*stride_B;

                if (actual_mc == mc && actual_kc == kc && actual_nc == nc && beta == 1) {
                  // Most used, cached kernel.
                  kernel(actual_a, actual_b, c, actual_a, bp, cp);
                } else {
                  // Edges - use libxsmm kernel cache.
                  internal::libxsmm_wrapper<LhsScalar, RhsScalar, Scalar>(0, actual_mc, actual_nc, actual_kc, kernel_stride_A, kernel_stride_B, stride_C, 1, beta, blocking.prefetch())(actual_a, actual_b, c, actual_a, bp, cp);
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

    if (copyA) {
      this->m_device.deallocate(blockA);
    }
    if (copyB) {
      this->m_device.deallocate(panelB);
    }
  }
#endif

  // Prevent assignment
  TensorContractionEvaluatorBase& operator = (const TensorContractionEvaluatorBase&);
  Dimensions m_dimensions;

  contract_t m_k_strides;
  contract_t m_left_contracting_strides;
  contract_t m_right_contracting_strides;

  bool m_lhs_inner_dim_contiguous;
  bool m_rhs_inner_dim_contiguous;
  bool m_rhs_inner_dim_reordered;

  left_nocontract_t m_i_strides;
  right_nocontract_t m_j_strides;
  left_nocontract_t m_left_nocontract_strides;
  right_nocontract_t m_right_nocontract_strides;

  Index m_i_size;
  Index m_j_size;
  Index m_k_size;

  TensorContractionParams m_tensor_contraction_params;

  TensorEvaluator<EvalLeftArgType, Device> m_leftImpl;
  TensorEvaluator<EvalRightArgType, Device> m_rightImpl;
  const Device& m_device;
  OutputKernelType m_output_kernel;
  Scalar* m_result;
  bool m_can_use_xsmm;
};


// evaluator for default device
template<typename Indices, typename LeftArgType, typename RightArgType, typename OutputKernelType, typename Device>
struct TensorEvaluator<const TensorContractionOp<Indices, LeftArgType, RightArgType, OutputKernelType>, Device> :
    public TensorContractionEvaluatorBase<
      TensorEvaluator<const TensorContractionOp<Indices, LeftArgType, RightArgType, OutputKernelType>, Device> > {
  typedef TensorEvaluator<const TensorContractionOp<Indices, LeftArgType, RightArgType, OutputKernelType>, Device> Self;
  typedef TensorContractionEvaluatorBase<Self> Base;

  typedef TensorContractionOp<Indices, LeftArgType, RightArgType, OutputKernelType> XprType;
  typedef typename internal::remove_const<typename XprType::Scalar>::type Scalar;
  typedef typename XprType::Index Index;
  typedef typename XprType::CoeffReturnType CoeffReturnType;
  typedef typename PacketType<CoeffReturnType, Device>::type PacketReturnType;

  enum {
    Layout = TensorEvaluator<LeftArgType, Device>::Layout
  };

  // Most of the code is assuming that both input tensors are ColMajor. If the
  // inputs are RowMajor, we will "cheat" by swapping the LHS and RHS:
  // If we want to compute A * B = C, where A is LHS and B is RHS, the code
  // will pretend B is LHS and A is RHS.
  typedef typename internal::conditional<
    static_cast<int>(Layout) == static_cast<int>(ColMajor), LeftArgType, RightArgType>::type EvalLeftArgType;
  typedef typename internal::conditional<
    static_cast<int>(Layout) == static_cast<int>(ColMajor), RightArgType, LeftArgType>::type EvalRightArgType;

  static const int LDims =
      internal::array_size<typename TensorEvaluator<EvalLeftArgType, Device>::Dimensions>::value;
  static const int RDims =
      internal::array_size<typename TensorEvaluator<EvalRightArgType, Device>::Dimensions>::value;
  static const int ContractDims = internal::array_size<Indices>::value;

  typedef array<Index, ContractDims> contract_t;
  typedef array<Index, LDims - ContractDims> left_nocontract_t;
  typedef array<Index, RDims - ContractDims> right_nocontract_t;

  static const int NumDims = LDims + RDims - 2 * ContractDims;

  // Could we use NumDimensions here?
  typedef DSizes<Index, NumDims> Dimensions;

  EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC TensorEvaluator(const XprType& op, const Device& device) :
      Base(op, device) { }

  template <int Alignment>
  void evalProduct(Scalar* buffer) const {
    TENSOR_CONTRACTION_DISPATCH(this->template evalProductSequential, Alignment, (buffer));
  }
};

} // end namespace Eigen

#endif // EIGEN_CXX11_TENSOR_TENSOR_CONTRACTION_H