MinGW spits out version strings like: `x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++ (GCC)
10-win32 20210110`, which causes the version extraction to fail.
Added support for this with tests.
Also added `make_unsigned` for `long long`, since mingw seems to
use that for `uint64_t`.
Related to #2268. CMake and build passes for me after this.
(cherry picked from commit ad82d20cf649ba8c07352f947fd25766d0328df2)