394 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
394 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
# 🚀 用於 GitHub Actions 的 SSH
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[GitHub Action](https://github.com/features/actions) for executing remote ssh commands.
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[](https://github.com/appleboy/ssh-action/actions)
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**注意**： 只支援在 **Linux** [docker](https://www.docker.com/) 容器上執行。
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## 輸入變數
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更詳細的資訊，請參閱 [action.yml](./action.yml)。
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* `host` - SSH 主機
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* `port` - SSH 連接埠，預設為 `22`
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* `username` - SSH 使用者名稱
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* `password` - SSH 密碼
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* `passphrase` - 通常用於加密私鑰的 passphrase
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* `sync` - 同步執行多個主機上的命令，預設為 false
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* `timeout` - SSH 連接到遠端主機的超時時間，預設為 `30s`
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* `command_timeout` - SSH 命令超時時間，預設為 10m
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* `key` - SSH 私鑰的內容，例如 ~/.ssh/id_rsa 的原始內容，請記得包含 BEGIN 和 END 行
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* `key_path` - SSH 私鑰的路徑
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* `fingerprint` - 主機公鑰的 SHA256 指紋，預設為略過驗證
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* `script` - 執行命令
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* `script_stop` - 當出現第一個錯誤時停止執行命令
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* `envs` - 傳遞環境變數到 shell script
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* `debug` - 啟用偵錯模式
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* `use_insecure_cipher` - 使用不安全的密碼（ciphers）進行加密，參見 [#56](https://github.com/appleboy/ssh-action/issues/56)
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* `cipher` - 允許使用的密碼（ciphers）演算法。如果未指定，則使用適當的演算法
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SSH 代理設置:
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* `proxy_host` - 代理主機
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* `proxy_port` - 代理端口，預設為 `22`
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* `proxy_username` - 代理使用者名稱
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* `proxy_password` - 代理密碼
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* `proxy_passphrase` - 密碼通常用於加密私有金鑰
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* `proxy_timeout` - SSH 連線至代理主機的逾時時間，預設為 `30s`
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* `proxy_key` - SSH 代理私有金鑰內容
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* `proxy_key_path` - SSH 代理私有金鑰路徑
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* `proxy_fingerprint` - 代理主機公鑰的 SHA256 指紋，預設為跳過驗證
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* `proxy_use_insecure_cipher` - 使用不安全的加密方式，請參閱 [#56](https://github.com/appleboy/ssh-action/issues/56)
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* `proxy_cipher` - 允許的加密算法。如果未指定，則使用合理的算法
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## 使用方式
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執行遠端 SSH 命令
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```yaml
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name: remote ssh command
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on: [push]
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jobs:
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build:
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name: Build
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runs-on: ubuntu-latest
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steps:
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- name: executing remote ssh commands using password
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.1.0
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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password: ${{ secrets.PASSWORD }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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script: whoami
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```
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畫面輸出
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```sh
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======CMD======
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whoami
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======END======
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out: ***
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===============================================
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✅ Successfully executed commands to all hosts.
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===============================================
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```
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### 設置 SSH 金鑰
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請在創建 SSH 金鑰並使用 SSH 金鑰時遵循以下步驟。最佳做法是在本地機器上創建 SSH 金鑰而不是遠端機器上。請使用 Github Secrets 中指定的用戶名登錄。生成 RSA 金鑰：
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### 生成 RSA 金鑰
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```bash
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ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your_email@example.com"
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```
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### 生成 ed25519 金鑰
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```bash
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ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -a 200 -C "your_email@example.com"
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```
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將新生成的金鑰添加到已授權的金鑰中。詳細了解已授權的金鑰請點擊[此處](https://www.ssh.com/ssh/authorized_keys/).
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### 將 RSA 金鑰添加到已授權金鑰中
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```bash
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cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh b@B 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys'
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```
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### 將 ed25519 金鑰添加到已授權金鑰中
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```bash
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cat .ssh/id_ed25519.pub | ssh b@B 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys'
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```
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複製私鑰內容，然後將其粘貼到 Github Secrets 中。
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### 複製 rsa 私鑰內容
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```bash
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clip < ~/.ssh/id_rsa
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```
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### 複製 ed25519 私鑰內容
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```bash
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clip < ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
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```
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有關無需密碼登錄 SSH 的詳細信息，請[參見該網站](http://www.linuxproblem.org/art_9.html)。
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**來自讀者的注意事項**： 根據您的 SSH 版本，您可能還需要進行以下更改：
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* 將公鑰放在 `.ssh/authorized_keys2` 中
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* 將 `.ssh` 的權限更改為700
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* 將 `.ssh/authorized_keys2` 的權限更改為640
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### 如果你使用的是 OpenSSH
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如果您正在使用 OpenSSH，並出現以下錯誤：
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```bash
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ssh: handshake failed: ssh: unable to authenticate, attempted methods [none publickey]
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```
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請確保您所選擇的密鑰演算法得到支援。在 Ubuntu 20.04 或更高版本上，您必須明確允許使用 SSH-RSA 演算法。請在 OpenSSH 守護進程文件中添加以下行（它可以是 `/etc/ssh/sshd_config` 或 `/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/` 中的一個附著文件）：
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```bash
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CASignatureAlgorithms +ssh-rsa
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```
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或者，`Ed25519` 密鑰在 OpenSSH 中默認被接受。如果需要，您可以使用它來替代 RSA。
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```bash
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ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -a 200 -C "your_email@example.com"
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```
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### Example
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#### 使用密碼執行遠端 SSH 命令
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```yaml
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- name: executing remote ssh commands using password
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.1.0
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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password: ${{ secrets.PASSWORD }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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script: whoami
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```
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#### 使用私鑰
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```yaml
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- name: executing remote ssh commands using ssh key
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.1.0
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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script: whoami
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```
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#### 多個命令
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```yaml
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- name: multiple command
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.1.0
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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script: |
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whoami
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ls -al
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```
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#### 多台主機
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```diff
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- name: multiple host
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.1.0
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with:
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- host: "foo.com"
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+ host: "foo.com,bar.com"
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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script: |
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whoami
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ls -al
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```
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#### 多個不同端口的主機
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```diff
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- name: multiple host
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.1.0
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with:
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- host: "foo.com"
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+ host: "foo.com:1234,bar.com:5678"
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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script: |
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whoami
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ls -al
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```
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#### 在多個主機上同步執行
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```diff
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- name: multiple host
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.1.0
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with:
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host: "foo.com,bar.com"
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+ sync: true
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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script: |
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whoami
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ls -al
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```
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#### 將環境變量傳遞到 Shell 腳本
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```diff
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- name: pass environment
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.1.0
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+ env:
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+ FOO: "BAR"
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+ BAR: "FOO"
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+ SHA: ${{ github.sha }}
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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+ envs: FOO,BAR,SHA
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script: |
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echo "I am $FOO"
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echo "I am $BAR"
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echo "sha: $SHA"
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```
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_在 `env` 對象中，您需要將每個環境變量作為字符串傳遞，傳遞 `Integer` 數據類型或任何其他類型可能會產生意外結果。_
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#### 在第一次失敗後停止腳本
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> ex: missing `abc` folder
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```diff
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- name: stop script if command error
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.1.0
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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+ script_stop: true
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script: |
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mkdir abc/def
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ls -al
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```
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畫面輸出:
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```sh
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======CMD======
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mkdir abc/def
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ls -al
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======END======
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2019/11/21 01:16:21 Process exited with status 1
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err: mkdir: cannot create directory ‘abc/def’: No such file or directory
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##[error]Docker run failed with exit code 1
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```
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#### 如何使用 `ProxyCommand` 連接遠程服務器？
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```bash
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+--------+ +----------+ +-----------+
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| Laptop | <--> | Jumphost | <--> | FooServer |
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+--------+ +----------+ +-----------+
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```
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在您的 `~/.ssh/config` 文件中，您會看到以下內容。
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```bash
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Host Jumphost
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HostName Jumphost
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User ubuntu
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Port 22
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IdentityFile ~/.ssh/keys/jump_host.pem
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Host FooServer
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HostName FooServer
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User ubuntu
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Port 22
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ProxyCommand ssh -q -W %h:%p Jumphost
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```
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#### 如何將其轉換為 GitHubActions 的 YAML 格式？
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```diff
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- name: ssh proxy command
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.1.0
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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+ proxy_host: ${{ secrets.PROXY_HOST }}
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+ proxy_username: ${{ secrets.PROXY_USERNAME }}
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+ proxy_key: ${{ secrets.PROXY_KEY }}
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+ proxy_port: ${{ secrets.PROXY_PORT }}
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script: |
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mkdir abc/def
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ls -al
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```
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#### 如何保護私鑰？
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密碼短語通常用於加密私鑰。這使得攻擊者無法單獨使用密鑰文件。文件泄露可能來自備份或停用的硬件，黑客通常可以從受攻擊系統中洩露文件。因此，保護私鑰非常重要。
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```diff
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- name: ssh key passphrase
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.1.0
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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+ passphrase: ${{ secrets.PASSPHRASE }}
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script: |
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whoami
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ls -al
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```
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#### 使用主機指紋驗證
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設置 SSH 主機指紋驗證可以幫助防止中間人攻擊。在設置之前，運行以下命令以獲取 SSH 主機指紋。請記得將 `ed25519` 替換為您的適當金鑰類型（`rsa`、 `dsa`等），而 `example.com` 則替換為您的主機。
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現代 OpenSSH 版本中，需要提取的_默認金鑰_類型是 `rsa`（從版本 5.1 開始）、`ecdsa`（從版本 6.0 開始）和 `ed25519`（從版本 6.7 開始）。
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```sh
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ssh example.com ssh-keygen -l -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub | cut -d ' ' -f2
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```
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現在您可以調整您的配置：
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```diff
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- name: ssh key passphrase
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.1.0
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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+ fingerprint: ${{ secrets.FINGERPRINT }}
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script: |
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whoami
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ls -al
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```
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## 貢獻
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我們非常希望您為 `appleboy/ssh-action` 做出貢獻，歡迎提交請求！
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## 授權方式
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本項目中的腳本和文檔采用 [MIT](LICENSE) 許可證 發布。
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